Cast of a Livyatan skull

Livyatan melvillei is an extinct species of sperm whale that lived about 9.9 to 8.9 million years ago, during the Miocene epoch. The name was inspired by the biblical sea monster Leviathan, and Herman Melville, the author of Moby-Dick. It was probably an apex predator, preying on whales and seals. The teeth, found in the Pisco Formation of Peru, measured 36.2 cm (14.3 in), the longest of any known animal, excluding tusks. The whale's length has been estimated at 13.5 to 17.5 m (44 to 57 ft), making it one of the largest predators ever. It is distinguished from the other raptorial sperm whales by the basin on the skull, and how it spans the entire length of the snout. The spermaceti organ, contained in the skull basin, is thought to have been used in echolocation and communication, or for ramming prey and other sperm whales. The whale may have competed with the giant extinct shark megalodon. Livyatan's extinction was probably caused by a cooling event at the end of the Miocene which resulted in a drop in food populations. (Full article...)

Cathy Berberian and Sylvano Bussotti

• ... that the title of La Passion selon Sade, an opera by Sylvano Bussotti (pictured with star Cathy Berberian), caused a scandal at its premiere and had to be changed for the next performance?
• ... that Fernhill House has been home to a butter merchant, an Ulster Volunteer Force armoury, a Grand National-winning racehorse and the world's largest collection of Orange Order memorabilia?
• ... that 100 years after Mary Emily Sinclair wrote a master's thesis in mathematics on the discriminants of quintic polynomials, Helaman Ferguson based a sculpture on her work?
• ... that the Tenantry Column was built by the tenants of the Duke of Northumberland as thanks for a rent reduction?
• ... that the Iraqi paramilitary organisation Saraya Awliya al-Dam has a Telegram account?
• ... that Sharri MacDonald was removed from the Old Orchard Beach City Council after a controversial 4–3 vote put the entire council up for recall?
• ... that the Antlers' 2021 album Green to Gold was made after lead singer Peter Silberman suffered temporary total hearing loss and lesions on his vocal cords?
• ... that a newly opened ferry in 1968 attracted "vodka tourists" to Estonia?

Alexei Navalny

• Russian opposition activist Alexei Navalny (pictured) is awarded the Sakharov Prize.
• PAICV candidate José Maria Neves is elected President of Cape Verde.
• British Member of Parliament Sir David Amess dies after being stabbed during a constituency meeting.
• Severe Tropical Storm Kompasu kills 40 people in the Philippines and Hong Kong.

October 24

George Washington Bridge

• 1648 – The second treaty of the Peace of Westphalia was signed, ending both the Thirty Years' War and the Dutch Revolt, and officially recognizing the Dutch Republic and the Swiss Confederation as independent states.
• 1795 – As a result of the Third Partition of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist as an independent state, with its territory divided between Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
• 1889 – Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of the Colony of New South Wales, gave a speech in which he called for the federation of the six Australian colonies.
• 1931 – The George Washington Bridge (pictured), connecting New York City to Fort Lee, New Jersey, and today the world's busiest motor-vehicle bridge, was dedicated.
• 1964 – A military court acquitted generals Dương Văn Đức and Lâm Văn Phát of leading a coup attempt against South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Khánh.