1680s

The 1680s decade ran from January 1, 1680, to December 31, 1689.

In 1681, the last dodo was killed.

Events

1680

January–March

April–June

1683 painting by Francisco Rizi depicting the 1680 auto-da-fé in Madrid

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1681

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1682

January–March

  • January 7 – The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets; the ban is lifted after three months.
  • January 12 – Scottish minister James Renwick, one of the Covenanters resisting the Scottish government's suppression of alternate religious views, publishes the Declaration of Lanark.
  • January 21 – The Ottoman Empire army is mobilized in preparation for a war against Austria that culminates with the 1683 Battle of Vienna.
  • January 24 – The first public theater in Brussels, the Opéra du Quai au Foin, is opened.
  • February 5 – In Japan, on the 28th day of the 12th month in the year Tenna 1, a major fire sweeps through Edo (now Tokyo.
  • February 9Thomas Otway's classic play Venice Preserv'd or A Plot Discover'd is given its first performance, premiering at the Duke's Theatre.
  • March 11 – Work begins on construction of the Royal Hospital Chelsea for old soldiers in London, England.
  • March 22 – A fire breaks out in Newmarket, Suffolk, consuming half the town and spreading into sections of surrounding Cambridgeshire. Historian Laurence Echard describes it later as "A Providential Fire", noting that King Charles II "by the approach of the fury of the flames was immediately driven out of his own palace", and, after moving to safety in another section of town, was forced to flee again "when the wind, as conducted by an invisible power, suddenly changed about, and blew the smoke and cinders directly on his new lodgings, and in a moment made them as untenable as the other."

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • Celia Fiennes, noblewoman and traveller, begins her journeys across Britain, in a venture that will prove to be her life's work. Her aim is to chronicle the towns, cities and great houses of the country. Her travels continue until at least 1712, and will take her to every county in England, though the main body of her journal is not written until the year 1702.
  • The Richard Wall House, believed to be the longest continuously inhabited residence in the US, is built in Pennsylvania.

1683

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1684


January–March

  • January 5 – King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.
  • January 15 (January 5 O.S.) - To demonstrate that the River Thames, frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December, is safe to walk upon, "a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager" and within three days "whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon." Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet, records the events in his diary.
  • January 26Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge of Venice.
  • JanuaryEdmond Halley, Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived the inverse-square law, but also all the laws of planetary motion attributed to Sir Isaac Newton. Hooke's claim is that in a letter to Newton on 6 January 1680, he first stated the inverse-square law.
  • February 7Morocco retakes control of the city of Tangier from England, which had controlled the North African port since 1661. During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city, the Governor, Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.
  • February 8 – Prince Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino returns to the throne of the principality of Moldavia for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25. In 1859, Moldavia will unite with neighboring Wallachia to form the Kingdom of Romania.
  • February 15 (February 5 O.S.) – The Great Frost in Britain, during which the River Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) out from land and which started the previous December, ends as the Thames begins to thaw. William Maitland later writes that the Frost, which started in December 1683, "congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city, as it were, was erected thereon; where by the great number of streets and shops, with their rich furniture, it represented a great fair, with a variety of carriages, and diversions of all sorts." During the freeze, there had been great loss of beast and of wildlife, especially birds, and similar reports from across Northern Europe. The Chipperfield's Circus dynasty began during the freeze, with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the Frost Fair on the Thames in London.
  • February 24 – A treaty is signed between European German colonists in Brandenburg-Prussia, and the African chiefs in what is now Ghana to permit the German colonists to build a second fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast, and the fortress of Dorotheenschanze is built. The area is now the Ghanaian city of Akwida.
  • March 5Pope Innocent XI forms a Holy League with the Habsburg Empire, Venice and Poland, to end Ottoman Turkish rule in Europe.
  • March 19 – In Japan, the Tenna era ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of the Tenna era and the Jōkyō era begins as Japan's royal astronomer, Shibukawa Shunkai institutes the Jōkyō calendar to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since 859 AD, after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1685

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1686


January–March

  • January 3 – In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales. A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes.
  • January 17King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.
  • January 29 – In Guatemala, Spanish Army Captain Melchor Rodríguez Mazariegos leads a campaign to conquer the indigenous Maya people in the rain forests of Lacandona, departing from Huehuetenango to rendezvous with the colonial governor at San Mateo Ixtatán.
  • January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death. The February 15 deadline is ignored.
  • February 15 – After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
  • February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20. The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.
  • February 27Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.
  • March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of Pierre de Troyes, begins the Hudson Bay expedition, departing from Montreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson's Bay Company. The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at Moose Factory on June 19.

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county. It is the first document known to mention crop circles and a double sunset.
  • The Café Procope, which remains in business in the 21st century, is opened in Paris by Procopio Cutò, as a coffeehouse.

1687

January–March

April–June

July–December

October–December

  • October 20 – An estimated 8.7 magnitude earthquake strikes 50 kilometres (31 mi) off of the coast of Peru and kills at least 5,000 people, primarily from a tsunami that washes away the city of Pisco and causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima, Callao and Ica.
  • October 31 – The legend of the Charter Oak begins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony (and now a U.S. state) of Connecticut after Edmund Andros, the Governor of the Dominion of New England, makes a mission of attempting to confiscate the founding documents for the seven colonies that make up the new administrative area. After Governor Andros arrives in Hartford and comes to the tavern of Zachariah Sanford to demand the Connecticut Colony charter, Captain Joseph Wadsworth spirits the parchment away from the and hides the Charter in a hollowed out portion of a white oak tree on Wyllys Hyll until Andros is recalled to London.
  • November 8Suleiman II succeeds the deposed Mehmed IV, as Ottoman Emperor.
  • December 31 – In response to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, a group of Huguenots set sail from France, and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope, where, using their native skills, they establish the first South African vineyards.

1688

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1689

Notable events during this year include:

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

1680

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne

1681

Vitus Bering

1682

Charles XII of Sweden

1683

Maria Anna of Austria

1684

Catherine I of Russia
Jean-Antoine Watteau
Edward Vernon

1685

George Frideric Handel
George Berkeley
Johann Sebastian Bach
Charles VI

1686

Hans Egede
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Allan Ramsay

1687

Sophia Dorothea of Hanover

1688

Emanuel Swedenborg

1689

Montesquieu born 18 January
Pierre-Joseph Alary born 19 March
Richard Ward (governor) born 15 April
Marie Anne de Bourbon born 18 April
Antoine Louis Rouillé born 7 June
Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu born 15 July
Szymon Czechowicz born 22 July
Prince William, Duke of Gloucester born 24 July
Henric Benzelius born 7 August
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer born 1 September
Anna Sophie Schack born 4 September
Catharina Backer born 22 September
Nijō Yoshitada born 26 September
Frans van Mieris the Younger born 24 December

Deaths

1680

Ann, Lady Fanshawe
Shivaji
Ferdinand Bol
Emperor Go-Mizunoo

1681

Frans van Mieris the Elder
Jahanara Begum

1682

Prince Rupert of the Rhine

date unknown

1683

Julien Maunoir
Cesare Facchinetti
Alfonso VI of Portugal

1684

Pieter de Hooch
Pierre Corneille
Géraud de Cordemoy

1685

King Charles II of England
Emperor Go-Sai
James Scott

1686

Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
Otto von Guericke
Eleonora Gonzaga

1687

William Petty

1688

Ferdinand Verbiest
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond

1689

Seth Ward (bishop of Salisbury) died 6 January
Marie Louise d'Orléans died 12 February
Sambhaji died 11 March
Kazimierz Łyszczyński died 30 March
Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria died 4 April
Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna died 14 April
Aphra Behn died 16 April
Christina, Queen of Sweden died 19 April
Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness died 14 June
Song Si-yeol died 19 July
Pope Innocent XI died 12 August
John Lake (bishop) died 30 August
Jane Lane, Lady Fisher died 9 September
George Ent died 13 October
Stephan Farffler died 24 October
Thomas Sydenham died 29 December

This page was last updated at 2023-07-24 16:51 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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