2012 Queensland state election

2012 Queensland state election

← 2009 24 March 2012 (2012-03-24) 2015 →

All 89 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland
45 Assembly seats were needed for a majority
Turnout91.00% (Increase 0.07 pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Campbell Newman Anna Bligh Aidan McLindon
Party Liberal National Labor Katter's Australian
Leader since 22 March 2011 (2011-03-22) 13 September 2007 (2007-09-13) 9 August 2011 (2011-08-09)
Leader's seat Ashgrove
(won seat)
South Brisbane Beaudesert
(lost seat)
Last election 34 seats 51 seats 0 seats
Seats before 33 seats 51 seats 1 seat
Seats won 78 7 2
Seat change Increase 45 Decrease 44 Increase 1
Popular vote 1,214,553 652,092 282,098
Percentage 49.7% 26.7% 11.5%
Swing Increase 8.1 Decrease 15.6 Increase 11.5
TPP 62.8% 37.2%
TPP swing Increase 13.7 Decrease 13.7

Winning margin by electorate.

Premier before election

Anna Bligh
Labor

Elected Premier

Campbell Newman
Liberal National

The 2012 Queensland state election was held on 24 March 2012 to elect all 89 members of the Legislative Assembly, a unicameral parliament.

The Labor Party (ALP), led by Premier Anna Bligh, was defeated by the opposition Liberal National Party (LNP), led by Campbell Newman in a landslide victory. It is only the sixth time that Queenslanders have ousted a sitting government since 1915. The ALP was attempting to win a ninth consecutive election victory, having won every general election since 1989, despite being out of office between 1996 and 1998. Katter's Australian Party contested its first election. Before the election, it held two seats whose members had been elected as LNP candidates.

Labor suffered one of the worst defeats of a state government since Federation, and the worst defeat of a sitting government in Queensland history. From 51 seats in 2009, it was reduced to only seven seats, suffering a swing of 15.6 percentage points. The LNP won a majority for the first time in its history, jumping from 34 to 78 seats to win the largest majority government in Queensland history. It was the first outright non-Labor majority since the Queensland Nationals won their last victory in 1986. Katter's Australian Party won two seats, though leader Aidan McLindon lost his own seat. The remaining two seats were taken by independents. Newman took office two days after the election.

Historically, Queenslanders have given their governments long tenures in office. The 2012 election marked only the sixth change of government in the state since 1915.

Results

The estimated two-party preferred result was 37.2% for Labor and 62.8% for the LNP, a swing of 13.7% from Labor's result of 2009.

The LNP had been unbackable favourites to win the election. By the time the writs were issued, they had led opinion polling for over a year, and had been ahead of Labor on all but one Newspoll since 2010.

The LNP swept Labor from power in a massive landslide, taking 78 seats to Labor's seven on a two-party-preferred swing of 13.7 points away from Labor. The 44-seat loss is double the 22-seat loss suffered by the Nationals in the 1989 election, the previous record for the worst defeat of a sitting government in Queensland history. The 13.7-percent swing is one of the largest against a sitting state government in Australia since World War II.

In the process, the LNP won many seats considered Labor heartland. It broke Labor's longstanding grip on Brisbane, taking all but three of the city's 40 seats, some on swings of 10 points or more. By comparison, Labor went into the election holding all but six seats in the capital, which had been its power base for over 20 years. In every election since the "one vote, one value" reforms of the Goss government, Labor had won at least 30 seats in Brisbane. The LNP also won every seat on the Gold Coast while strengthening its hold on its traditional heartlands in provincial and rural Queensland. Ten members of Bligh's cabinet were defeated. Newman won Ashgrove handily, defeating Labor's Kate Jones on a 13-point swing, almost double the 7-point swing he needed to take the seat off Labor.

ABC News called the election for the LNP at 6:48 pm Queensland time, less than an hour after counting began. Bligh conceded defeat at 8:25 pm, and Newman publicly claimed victory 20 minutes later.

The day after the election, Bligh resigned as premier and Queensland Labor leader. She also announced she was resigning from parliament on 30 March and retiring from politics, triggering a by-election in her seat of South Brisbane. An hour later, Newman, who at the time did not know that Bligh had resigned, announced that he would be sworn in as premier on 26 March, heading an interim three-man cabinet composed of himself, Seeney and Tim Nicholls. Although Newman's victory was beyond doubt, counting was still under way in some seats. Bligh handed in her resignation later on the afternoon of 25 March, but remained as caretaker until Newman was sworn in the next day.

Labor was reduced to its smallest presence in the legislature on record, outdoing its previous low in 1974, when it was cut down to a "cricket team" of only 11 members at the height of Joh Bjelke-Petersen's power. Indeed, Michael Madigan of The Courier-Mail wrote that Labor had been reduced to a "water polo squad."

Although Labor came up two seats short of official party status in the legislature, Newman promised that Labor would be "properly resourced as an opposition".

The composition of the Legislative Assembly following the election.
Winning party by electorate.
Gallagher Index for the 2012 Queensland state election
Party Votes (%) Seats (%) Difference Difference
squared
Liberal National 49.65% 87.64% 37.99 1443.2401
Labor 26.66% 7.87% -18.79 353.0641
Katter 11.53% 2.25% -9.28 86.1184
Greens 7.53% 0.00% -7.53 56.7009
Independent 3.16% 2.25% -0.91 0.8281
Other 1.47% 0.00% -1.47 2.1609
Total of differences squared 1942.1125
Total / 2 971.0563
Square root of (Total / 2): Gallagher Index result 31.16
The Gallagher Index ranges from 0 to 100. Low indexes (close to 0)
are very proportionate, high indexes (20 or greater) are very disproportionate.


Queensland state election, 24 March 2012
Legislative Assembly
<< 20092015 >>

Enrolled voters 2,746,844
Votes cast 2,499,612 Turnout 91.00 +0.07
Informal votes 53,797 Informal 2.15 +0.21
Summary of votes by party
Party Primary votes % Swing Seats Change
  Liberal National 1,214,553 49.66 +8.06 78 +44
  Labor 652,092 26.66 –15.59 7 –44
  Katter's Australian Party 282,098 11.53 +11.53 2 +2
  Greens 184,147 7.53 –0.84 0 ±0
  Family First 33,269 1.36 +0.54 0 ±0
  One Nation 2,525 0.10 –0.28 0 ±0
  Independent 77,282 3.16 –3.42 2 –2
Total 2,445,966     89  
Two-party-preferred
  Liberal National 62.8 +13.7
  Labor 37.2 −13.7
* The two-party preferred summary is an estimate by Antony Green using a methodology by Malcolm Mackerras.
Popular vote
LNP
49.66%
Labor
26.66%
Katter's
11.53%
Greens
7.53%
Family First
1.36%
One Nation
0.10%
Independents
3.16%
Two-party preferred vote
LNP
62.80%
Labor
37.20%
Seats
LNP
87.64%
Labor
7.87%
Katter's
2.25%
Independents
2.25%

Seats changing hands

Labor lost 44 seats, all but one to the LNP. Katter's Australian Party took the other, but lost its leader's seat to the LNP, which also gained three seats formerly held by independents.

Seat Pre-2012 Swing Post-2012
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Albert   Labor Margaret Keech 6.5 –18.4 11.9 Mark Boothman Liberal National  
Algester   Labor Karen Struthers 9.2 –18.4 9.2 Anthony Shorten Liberal National  
Ashgrove   Labor Kate Jones 7.1 –12.8 5.7 Campbell Newman Liberal National  
Barron River   Labor Steve Wettenhall 2.2 –11.7 9.5 Michael Trout Liberal National  
Beaudesert   Katter's Australian Aidan McLindon N/A1 –2.3 10.6 Jon Krause Liberal National  
Brisbane Central   Labor Grace Grace 6.0 –10.8 4.9 Robert Cavallucci Liberal National  
Broadwater   Labor Peta-Kaye Croft 2.0 –13.3 11.3 Verity Barton Liberal National  
Bulimba   Labor Di Farmer 7.8 –7.9 0.1 Aaron Dillaway Liberal National  
Burleigh   Labor Christine Smith 4.9 –16.0 11.1 Michael Hart Liberal National  
Burnett   Independent Rob Messenger N/A2 2.3 8.8 Stephen Bennett Liberal National  
Cairns   Labor Desley Boyle 4.2 –13.1 8.9 Gavin King Liberal National  
Capalaba   Labor Michael Choi 9.7 –13.4 3.7 Steve Davies Liberal National  
Chatsworth   Labor Steve Kilburn 0.1 –14.0 13.9 Steve Minnikin Liberal National  
Cook   Labor Jason O'Brien 2.2 –5.6 3.4 David Kempton Liberal National  
Everton   Labor Murray Watt 1.4 –14.6 13.2 Tim Mander Liberal National  
Ferny Grove   Labor Geoff Wilson 4.5 –14.0 9.5 Dale Shuttleworth Liberal National  
Greenslopes   Labor Cameron Dick 6.9 –9.4 2.5 Ian Kaye Liberal National  
Ipswich   Labor Rachel Nolan 16.7 –20.9 4.2 Ian Berry Liberal National  
Ipswich West   Labor Wayne Wendt 9.5 –16.8 7.2 Sean Choat Liberal National  
Kallangur   Labor Mary-Anne O'Neill 4.6 –17.1 12.4 Trevor Ruthenberg Liberal National  
Keppel   Labor Paul Hoolihan 7.6 –14.0 6.4 Bruce Young Liberal National  
Logan   Labor John Mickel 13.9 –18.7 4.8 Michael Pucci Liberal National  
Lytton   Labor Paul Lucas 12.2 –13.8 1.6 Neil Symes Liberal National  
Mansfield   Labor Phil Reeves 4.4 –15.6 11.3 Ian Walker Liberal National  
Maryborough   Independent Chris Foley 16.8 –17.2 0.4 Anne Maddern Liberal National  
Morayfield   Labor Mark Ryan 9.1 –14.7 5.6 Darren Grimwade Liberal National  
Mount Coot-tha   Labor Andrew Fraser 5.2 –10.6 5.4 Saxon Rice Liberal National  
Mount Ommaney   Labor Julie Attwood 4.8 –21.3 16.5 Tarnya Smith Liberal National  
Mount Isa   Labor Betty Kiernan 5.7 N/A 10.0 Robbie Katter Katter's Australian  
Mundingburra   Labor Lindy Nelson-Carr 6.6 –16.8 10.2 David Crisafulli Liberal National  
Murrumba   Labor Dean Wells 7.2 –16.7 9.5 Reg Gulley Liberal National  
Nanango   Independent Dorothy Pratt 2.9 10.3 9.0 Deb Frecklington Liberal National  
Nudgee   Labor Neil Roberts 14.3 –17.4 3.1 Jason Woodforth Liberal National  
Pine Rivers   Labor Carolyn Male 4.6 –18.3 13.7 Seath Holswich Liberal National  
Pumicestone   Labor Carryn Sullivan 5.0 –17.1 12.1 Lisa France Liberal National  
Redcliffe   Labor Lillian van Litsenburg 5.6 –15.7 10.1 Scott Driscoll Liberal National  
Sandgate   Labor Vicky Darling 12.4 –15.3 2.9 Kerry Millard Liberal National  
Southport   Labor Peter Lawlor 3.5 –18.2 14.7 Rob Molhoek Liberal National  
Springwood   Labor Barbara Stone 4.1 –19.3 15.2 John Grant Liberal National  
Stafford   Labor Stirling Hinchliffe 7.3 –14.4 7.1 Chris Davis Liberal National  
Stretton   Labor Stephen Robertson 9.5 −19.1 9.6 Freya Ostapovitch Liberal National  
Sunnybank   Labor Judy Spence 10.8 −21.0 10.2 Mark Stewart Liberal National  
Thuringowa   Labor Craig Wallace 8.5 −9.9 1.4 Sam Cox Liberal National  
Toowoomba North   Labor Kerry Shine 3.2 –12.8 9.6 Trevor Watts Liberal National  
Townsville   Labor Mandy Johnstone 4.0 −8.9 4.8 John Hathaway Liberal National  
Waterford   Labor Evan Moorhead 16.5 −17.5 1.0 Mike Latter Liberal National  
Whitsunday   Labor Jan Jarratt 3.2 −13.9 10.7 Jason Costigan Liberal National  
Yeerongpilly   Labor Simon Finn 8.7 −10.1 1.4 Carl Judge Liberal National  

Candidates listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

1 Aidan McLindon was elected as a member of the LNP in 2009, but he quit the party to form the Queensland Party in 2010, then merged his party with Katter's Australian Party in 2011.
2 Rob Messenger was elected as a member of the LNP in 2009, but quit the party to become an independent in 2010.

Post-election pendulum

Government seats
Marginal
Bulimba Aaron Dillaway LNP 0.1
Maryborough Anne Maddern LNP v IND 0.3
Waterford Mike Latter LNP 1.0
Thuringowa Sam Cox LNP v KAP 1.4
Yeerongpilly Carl Judge LNP 1.4
Lytton Neil Symes LNP 1.6
Greenslopes Ian Kaye LNP 2.5
Sandgate Kerry Millard LNP 2.9
Nudgee Jason Woodforth LNP 3.1
Cook David Kempton LNP 3.4
Hinchinbrook Andrew Cripps LNP v KAP 3.6
Capalaba Steve Davies LNP 3.7
Ipswich Ian Berry LNP 4.2
Logan Michael Pucci LNP 4.8
Townsville John Hathaway LNP 4.8
Brisbane Central Robert Cavallucci LNP 4.9
Mount Coot-tha Saxon Rice LNP 5.4
Morayfield Darren Grimwade LNP 5.6
Ashgrove Campbell Newman LNP 5.7
Fairly safe
Keppel Bruce Young LNP 6.4
Stafford Chris Davis LNP 7.1
Ipswich West Sean Choat LNP 7.2
Burnett Stephen Bennett LNP v IND 8.5
Cairns Gavin King LNP 8.9
Nanango Deb Frecklington LNP v KAP 9.0
Algester Anthony Shorten LNP 9.2
Barron River Michael Trout LNP 9.5
Murrumba Reg Gulley LNP 9.5
Ferny Grove Dale Shuttleworth LNP 9.5
Toowoomba North Trevor Watts LNP 9.6
Stretton Freya Ostapovitch LNP 9.6
Safe
Redcliffe Scott Driscoll LNP 10.1
Sunnybank Mark Stewart LNP 10.2
Beaudesert Jon Krause LNP v KAP 10.6
Whitsunday Jason Costigan LNP 10.7
Burleigh Michael Hart LNP 11.1
Mansfield Ian Walker LNP 11.1
Mirani Ted Malone LNP 11.2
Broadwater Verity Barton LNP 11.3
Albert Mark Boothman LNP 11.9
Pumicestone Lisa France LNP 12.1
Kallangur Trevor Ruthenberg LNP 12.4
Burdekin Rosemary Menkens LNP v KAP 12.5
Everton Tim Mander LNP 13.2
Callide Jeff Seeney LNP v KAP 13.5
Pine Rivers Seath Holswich LNP 13.7
Chatsworth Steve Minnikin LNP 13.9
Southport Rob Molhoek LNP 14.7
Lockyer Ian Rickuss LNP v KAP 14.9
Springwood John Grant LNP 15.4
Mount Ommaney Tarnya Smith LNP 16.5
Gympie David Gibson LNP v KAP 17.3
Cleveland Mark Robinson LNP 18.1
Bundaberg Jack Dempsey LNP 18.2
Gaven Alex Douglas LNP 19.1
Indooroopilly Scott Emerson LNP 19.6
Very safe
Condamine Ray Hopper LNP v KAP 20.1
Mundingburra David Crisafulli LNP 20.2
Currumbin Jann Stuckey LNP 20.2
Glass House Andrew Powell LNP 20.4
Clayfield Tim Nicholls LNP 20.6
Maroochydore Fiona Simpson LNP 20.9
Redlands Peter Dowling LNP 21.1
Caloundra Mark McArdle LNP 21.2
Toowoomba South John McVeigh LNP 21.6
Hervey Bay Ted Sorensen LNP 21.7
Aspley Tracy Davis LNP 21.8
Coomera Michael Crandon LNP 23.3
Moggill Bruce Flegg LNP 23.9
Warrego Ann Leahy LNP v IND 25.1
Noosa Glen Elmes LNP v GRN 25.5
Gregory Vaughan Johnson LNP 25.5
Mudgeeraba Ros Bates LNP 25.9
Buderim Steve Dickson LNP 26.0
Mermaid Beach Ray Stevens LNP 26.1
Kawana Jarrod Bleijie LNP 26.3
Surfers Paradise John-Paul Langbroek LNP 29.5
Southern Downs Lawrence Springborg LNP v KAP 29.8
Non-government seats
Marginal
Mackay Tim Mulherin ALP 0.5
Mulgrave Curtis Pitt ALP 1.2
Bundamba Jo-Ann Miller ALP 1.8
Rockhampton William Byrne ALP 4.0
South Brisbane Anna Bligh ALP 4.7
Woodridge Desley Scott ALP 5.8
Fairly safe
Inala Annastacia Palaszczuk ALP 6.9
Crossbench seats
Nicklin Peter Wellington IND v LNP 4.9
Gladstone Liz Cunningham IND v ALP 14.0
Dalrymple Shane Knuth KAP v LNP 15.2
Mount Isa Robbie Katter KAP v LNP 20.0

Voting method

At the time, Queensland used optional preferential version of the instant-runoff system in single-member electorates. The election was conducted by the Electoral Commission of Queensland, an independent body answerable to Parliament.

Leadership of the Liberal National Party

Campbell Newman was elected leader of the LNP in early 2011 while he was the Lord Mayor of Brisbane. Standard practice calls for an MP from a safe seat to resign so that a newly elected leader can get into parliament via a by-election, though this is not universally followed. However, when Newman won the leadership in 2011, a by-election could not be arranged. For this reason, Jeff Seeney was elected as interim parliamentary leader of the LNP and Leader of the Opposition. Newman led the LNP election team from outside of parliament, often sitting at the galleries, and simultaneously contested the seat of Ashgrove as the LNP candidate.

Date

At the time in Queensland, a parliamentary term was a maximum of three years, measured from the day set for the return of the electoral writs. The previous state election was held on 21 March 2009 to elect the 89 members of the Legislative Assembly.

Section 80 of the Queensland Electoral Act 1992 states that an election must be held on a Saturday; and that the election campaign must run for a minimum of 26 or a maximum of 56 days following the issue of the writs. Five to seven days following the issue of the writs, the electoral roll is closed, which gives voters a final opportunity to enrol or to notify the Electoral Commission of Queensland of any changes in their place of residence.

The Constitution Act Amendment Act 1890 provides that the Legislative Assembly continues for (up to) three years from the day set for the return of writs for the previous election, after which time the Legislative Assembly lapses. The day set for the return of writs for the 2009 election was 20 April 2009. The Electoral Act requires the Governor to issue writs for a general election "not later than 4 days after the day on which the Legislative Assembly is dissolved or expires by the passage of time" (section 78(2)). The last possible day for the next election was therefore a Saturday not more than 56 days beyond four days after the expiry of the Legislative Assembly on 24 April 2012, namely, 16 June 2012.

In choosing 24 March, Bligh made the unusual step of announcing the election date two months prior. Bligh was criticised for selecting a date which required the postponement of local government elections. Bligh has said that date allowed Queenslanders to view the final report of the Commission of Inquiry into the 2010–11 Queensland floods before they vote. Normal practice in Australia is for parliament to be dissolved at the time of the election announcement. However, Bligh did not formally ask Governor Penelope Wensley to dissolve Parliament until 19 February. Wensley granted the request, formally beginning the 35-day campaign. By not asking for a dissolution in January, Bligh avoided placing the government in caretaker mode for 25 days.

Key dates

Date Event
19 February 2012 Writ of election issued by the Governor
25 February 2012 Close of electoral rolls
27 February 2012 Close of nominations
24 March 2012 Polling day, between the hours of 8am and 6pm
26 March 2012 Interim Newman Ministry was sworn in
3 April 2012 Full Newman Ministry sworn
23 April 2012 Writ returned and results formally declared
15 May 2012 54th Parliament convened

Retiring MPs

The following Members of Parliament stood down at the election:

Labor

LNP

Independent

Contesting parties

A total of six Queensland registered political parties contested the election. The two major parties, the ALP and LNP (each contesting all 89 seats), The Greens (89 seats), Katter's Australian Party (76 seats), Family First (38 seats) and One Nation (6 seats). In addition to the above parties, 43 Independent or non-aligned candidates contested the election. Of the 43 candidates, several contested on behalf of unregistered parties, namely: Socialist Alliance (3 seats), North Queensland Party (3 seats), Queensland Party (2 seats), Democratic Labor Party (1 seat) and Middle Australian Party (1 seat).

Disendorsed candidates

The Liberal National Party disendorsed two candidates for the Gold Coast seat of Broadwater. Richard Townson was caught drink driving with a blood alcohol content of 0.07 when he was in a police random breath test. Cameron Caldwell was disendorsed when he confirmed he had attended a Gold Coast swingers' club.

The Australian Labor Party disendorsed candidate Peter Watson for the seat of Southern Downs and expelled him from the party for making racist and homophobic remarks online.

Katter appeal on ballot papers

On 2 March 2012, Katter's Australian Party sought an injunction in the Supreme Court of Queensland to have more than 2 million ballot papers shredded and reprinted. The party said the Queensland Electoral Commission used the party's abbreviated name, "The Australian Party", instead of its registered name, "Katter's Australian Party (Qld Division)", which the party claimed could confuse voters. Bligh said that her lawyers had advised her to reschedule the election if Katter's challenge succeeded.

On 7 March, Supreme Court Justice Roslyn Atkinson referred the matter to the Queensland Court of Appeal as matters of constitutional law in the case were outside her jurisdiction. The Court of Appeal rejected the constitutional arguments and dismissed the appeal the following day.

Polling

Newspoll and Galaxy polling was conducted via random telephone number selection in city and country areas. Sampling sizes usually consist of around 800-1000 electors, with the declared margin of error at around ±3 percent.

Graphical summary

Graphical summary of primary voting opinion polls for the 2012 Queensland state election.
Graphical summary of two-party preferred voting opinion polls for the 2012 Queensland state election.
Legislative Assembly polling
Primary vote TPP vote
ALP LNP GRN OTH ALP LNP
2012 election 26.7% 49.7% 7.5% 16.1% 37.2% 62.8%
20–22 March 2012 28% 50% 6% 16% 39.2% 60.8%
3–15 February 2012 30% 47% 9% 14% 42% 58%
Oct–Dec 2011 31% 44% 10% 15% 44% 56%
Jul–Sep 2011 27% 50% 8% 15% 39% 61%
Apr–May 2011 31% 51% 7% 11% 40% 60%
Jan–Mar 2011 38% 37% 10% 15% 52% 48%
Oct–Dec 2010 26% 45% 13% 16% 41% 59%
Jul–Sep 2010 29% 44% 14% 13% 43% 57%
2009 election 42.3% 41.6% 8.4% 7.8% 50.9% 49.1%
18–19 March 2009 42% 42% 7% 9% 49.9% 50.1%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.

Better Premier and leadership approval graphical summary

Graphical summary of Better Premier opinion polling for the 2012 Queensland state election.
Graphical summary of Anna Bligh's approval ratings as Premier.
Better Premier polling^
Bligh Newman
ALP LNP
20–22 March 2012 36% 51%
3–15 February 2012 40% 44%
Oct–Dec 2011 39% 43%
Jul–Sep 2011 34% 48%
Apr–May 2011 35% 49%
Jan–Mar 2011 53% 26%2
Oct–Dec 2010 31% 41%2
Jul–Sep 2010 34% 42%2
2009 election
18–19 March 2009 53% 33%1
Polling conducted by Newspoll
and published in The Australian.
^ Remainder were "uncommitted" to either leader.
1 Lawrence Springborg.
2 John-Paul Langbroek.
Satisfaction polling^
Bligh Newman
ALP LNP
Satisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
20–22 March 2012 36% 58% 47% 40%
3–15 February 2012 41% 50% 45% 37%
Oct–Dec 2011 39% 50% 45% 33%
Jul–Sep 2011 38% 52% 51% 27%
Apr–May 2011 40% 50% 50% 22%
Jan–Mar 2011 49% 43% 33%2 40%2
Oct–Dec 2010 24% 67% 38%2 38%2
Jul–Sep 2010 26% 65% 32%2 42%2
2009 election
18–19 March 2009 46% 44% 39%1 49%1
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^Remainder were "uncommitted" to either leader.
1 Lawrence Springborg.
2 John-Paul Langbroek.

Newspaper endorsements

Newspaper Endorsement
The Australian Liberal National
The Courier-Mail Liberal National

See also


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