August 1936

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The following events occurred in August 1936:

August 1, 1936 (Saturday)

August 2, 1936 (Sunday)

  • On the first day of competition at the Summer Olympics, Adolf Hitler congratulated German gold medalists Tilly Fleischer and Hans Woellke, then invited all three Finnish medalists in the 10,000 metres to his box to congratulate them as well. However, he left before congratulating the gold medalist in high jump, Cornelius Johnson of the United States. An international controversy broke out over whether Hitler had snubbed Johnson for being African-American. International Olympic Committee President Henri de Baillet-Latour told Hitler to either congratulate all the medalists or none at all. Hitler chose the latter and no athletes were invited to his box for the rest of the Olympics.[5]
  • The Extremadura campaign began in Spain.
  • Sylvère Maes of Belgium won the Tour de France.
  • Charles Lindbergh and wife Anne ended their 12-day visit to Germany. Lindbergh did not meet Hitler as had been speculated; they both attended the opening ceremony of the Olympics but were not introduced.[6]
  • The French cabinet secretly authorized Air Minister Pierre Cot to ship aircraft directly to Spain for the Republican side.[7]

August 3, 1936 (Monday)

  • Jesse Owens of the United States won his first gold medal of the Berlin Olympics, equaling the world record of 10.3 seconds in the 100-metre dash.[8]
  • U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull said at a press conference that the government would do all it could to evacuate Americans still in Spain who wanted to leave, but warned that conditions may develop which would make it no longer possible for American ships to reach them.[9]
  • Born: Edward Petherbridge, actor, writer and artist, in West Bowling, Bradford, England

August 4, 1936 (Tuesday)

  • 4th of August Regime: Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas staged a self-coup and established an authoritarian regime.
  • Jesse Owens won gold in the long jump. An often-told story holds that Germany's Luz Long gave Owens some advice after he almost failed to qualify. The veracity of the story has been questioned, but it is known for certain that Owens and Long embraced in front of Hitler and became friends.[10][11]

August 5, 1936 (Wednesday)

August 6, 1936 (Thursday)

  • 58 died in a pit blast at Wharncliffe Woodmoor 1,2 & 3 Colliery in Yorkshire.[14]
  • Francisco Franco moved his headquarters to Seville.[15]
  • Despite the French government's attempt to keep its aid to the Spanish government secret, the right-wing press ran articles exposing and denouncing it.[7]
  • The first volunteers of the Luftwaffe arrived at Cádiz to fight for the Nationalists. To keep Germany's involvement secret the volunteers were officially discharged from the Luftwaffe so they could go to Spain as "tourists".[16]

August 7, 1936 (Friday)

August 8, 1936 (Saturday)

  • The French government changed its policy on the Spanish Civil War again, announcing that it was closing its border and stopping all further shipments of arms to Spain.[7]
  • Born: Frank Howard, baseball player, in Columbus, Ohio

August 9, 1936 (Sunday)

August 10, 1936 (Monday)

August 11, 1936 (Tuesday)

August 12, 1936 (Wednesday)

August 13, 1936 (Thursday)

August 14, 1936 (Friday)

  • Battle of Badajoz: Nationalist forces led by Juan Yagüe captured the walled city of Badajoz. Once inside a savage repression known as the Massacre of Badajoz began, making headlines around the world.[22]
  • Portugal accepted a French proposal for neutrality in the Spanish Civil War, an important step in the international nonintervention agreement France was seeking.[23]
  • President Roosevelt made one of his few foreign policy statements of the election campaign in Chautauqua, New York. "We shun political commitments which might entangle us in foreign wars", the president said. "We avoid connection with the political activities of the League of Nations ... I hate war. I have passed unnumbered hours, I shall pass unnumbered hours, thinking and planning how war may be kept from this Nation." This is remembered as the "I Hate War" speech.[24][25]
  • Died: Rainey Bethea, 27?, American convicted criminal, last person to be publicly executed in the United States (hanged)

August 15, 1936 (Saturday)

August 16, 1936 (Sunday)

August 17, 1936 (Monday)

August 18, 1936 (Tuesday)

August 19, 1936 (Wednesday)

August 20, 1936 (Thursday)

August 21, 1936 (Friday)

August 22, 1936 (Saturday)

August 23, 1936 (Sunday)

August 24, 1936 (Monday)

August 25, 1936 (Tuesday)

August 26, 1936 (Wednesday)

  • The Anglo-Egyptian treaty was signed. Britain recognized Egyptian independence and agreed to withdraw all troops from Egypt except those required to defend the Suez Canal.[39]
  • The BBC broadcast its first television programme, a variety show called Here's Looking at You.[43]
  • Conscription was introduced in Nationalist-held parts of Spain.[15]
  • Shells from a Nationalist attack on Irun fell on the French side of the border. French authorities advised peasants to evacuate the area.[44]

August 27, 1936 (Thursday)

August 28, 1936 (Friday)

August 29, 1936 (Saturday)

  • The Soviet government demanded that Norway expel Trotsky, accusing him of breaking his pledge to not engage in counter-revolutionary activities.[49]
  • Nationalists captured Oropesa.[39]
  • The Spanish State proclaimed that the pre-Republican red and gold bicolour flag would be displayed in Nationalist-held territory.[4]
  • Born: John McCain, politician and 2008 U.S. presidential candidate, in the Panama Canal Zone (d. 2018)

August 30, 1936 (Sunday)

  • The Chicago Tribune published Jay Allen's famous account of the Massacre of Badajoz. "Eighteen hundred men – there were women too – were mowed down there in some twelve hours", Allen reported. "There is more blood than you would think in 1,800 bodies."[22][50]
  • The destroyer USS Kane which was in Spanish waters assisting in the evacuation of American nationals, was attacked by an unidentified aircraft. A total of six bombs were dropped which landed near the ship but did no damage, and the Kane replied with anti-aircraft fire in the direction of the plane. The United States sent protests to both sides in the civil war. The U.S. State Department said the altercation was probably a case of mistaken identity, even though the Kane was clearly flying the American flag.[51]
  • The Queen Mary crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a record time of 3 days, 23 hours and 57 minutes to claim the Blue Riband.[52]
  • The head of Thomas Jefferson on the Mount Rushmore sculpture was dedicated in a ceremony attended by President Roosevelt.[53]
  • Died: Carlos José Solórzano, 76, President of Nicaragua 1925–26

August 31, 1936 (Monday)

References

  1. ^ "The Berlin Olympics". History Place. 2001. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  2. ^ Birchall, Frederick T. (August 2, 1936). "100,000 Hail Hitler; U.S. Athletes Avoid Nazi Salute to Him". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  3. ^ "Paris Lets French Fight in Spain". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 1, 1936. p. 1.
  4. ^ a b c Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 500–501. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
  5. ^ Schnaap, Jeremy (2007). Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 177–181. ISBN 978-0-547-52726-0.
  6. ^ "Lindy in Berlin 12 Days; Fails to Meet Hitler". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 3, 1936. p. 13.
  7. ^ a b c Coverdale, John F. (1975). Italian Intervention in the Spanish Civil War. Princeton University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4008-6790-5.
  8. ^ "Owens Wins Dash Title, U. S. Girl Smashes Mark". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 3, 1936. p. 1.
  9. ^ "U.S. Warns Refugees to Flee; Spanish Rebels Imprison Jews". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 3, 1936. p. 1.
  10. ^ Goldman, Tom (August 14, 2009). "Was Jesse Owens' 1936 Long-Jump Story A Myth?". NPR. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  11. ^ "Athletics at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games: Men's Long Jump". Sports Reference. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  12. ^ "8 Killed in Airliner Crash". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 6, 1936. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Athletics at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games: Men's 200 metres". Sports Reference. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  15. ^ a b c d e Simkin, John (2014). "Spanish Civil War: Chronology". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  16. ^ a b Jurado, Carlos Caballero (2006). The Condor Legion: German Troops in the Spanish Civil War. Osprey Publishing. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-84176-899-1.
  17. ^ "Athletics at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Relay". Sports Reference. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  18. ^ Fraser, Antonia (2000). The House of Windsor. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-0-520-22803-0.
  19. ^ "Tageseinträge für 11. August 1936". chroniknet. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  20. ^ "Ethel Barrymore Through with Stage; Will Retire to Home". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 12, 1936. p. 1.
  21. ^ "Boycott of Nazi Goods Voted by Jewish Congress". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 14, 1936. p. 5.
  22. ^ a b Graham, Helen (2002). The Spanish Republic at War 1936–1939. Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-521-45932-7.
  23. ^ "France Cheered as Lisbon Joins Neutrality Pact". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 15, 1936. p. 2.
  24. ^ Fischer, Klaus P. (2011). Hitler and America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-8122-0441-4.
  25. ^ Cooper, George (July 8, 2011). "Lecture to recall historic 'I Hate War' speech". The Chautauquan Daily. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  26. ^ Wyden, Peter (January 1986). The Passionate War: The Narrative History of the Spanish Civil War. Simon & Schuster. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-671-25331-8. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  27. ^ "Football at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games: Men's Football". Sports Reference. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  28. ^ Brown, Parke (August 16, 1936). "Radio Priest's Union Indorses Lemke Ticket". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  29. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 17, 1936). "Olympic Games End With Dramatic Flag Ceremony". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 19.
  30. ^ "Rebel Flyers Drop 3 Bombs on French Town". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 17, 1936. p. 2.
  31. ^ Colton, Joel (1987). Léon Blum: Humanist in Politics. Duke University Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-8223-0762-4.
  32. ^ Smith, Wilfrid (August 19, 1936). "Louis Knocks Out Sharkey in Third". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  33. ^ "Jack Sharkey". BoxRec. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  34. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (August 21, 1936). "Germans Warn Madrid". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  35. ^ Alpert, Michael (1994). A New International History of the Spanish Civil War. Macmillan Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-312-12016-0.
  36. ^ "British Warn Spain on Free Sea". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 21, 1936. p. 1.
  37. ^ Purvis, Andy (2012). Remembered Greatness. Xulon Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-61996-839-4.
  38. ^ "Bob Feller 1936 Pitching Gamelogs". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  39. ^ a b c "1936". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  40. ^ "Irish Crusaders Formed to Aid Rebels in Spain". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 25, 1936. p. 2.
  41. ^ "Tageseinträge für 24. August 1936". chroniknet. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  42. ^ "Trotsky Vows to Avenge 16". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 25, 1936. p. 1.
  43. ^ Currie, Tony (2004). A Concise History of British Television, 1930–2000. Devon: Kelly Publications. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-903053-17-1.
  44. ^ Taylor, Edmond (August 27, 1936). "Spanish Shells Fall in France; Residents Flee". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  45. ^ "17 Nations Get Franco-British Arms Ban Plea". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 28, 1936. p. 6.
  46. ^ Miller, John. "Behind the Camera on Swing Time". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  47. ^ "Tageseinträge für 28. August 1936". chroniknet. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  48. ^ "Italy Prohibits Export of Arms for Use in Spain". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 29, 1936. p. 2.
  49. ^ "Trotsky Ouster Asked by Soviet". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 29, 1936. p. 1.
  50. ^ Allen, Jay (August 30, 1936). "Slaughter of 4,000 at Badajoz, 'City of Horrors,' is Told by Tribune Man". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  51. ^ "Bomb U.S. Warship from Air". Chicago Daily Tribune. August 31, 1936. p. 1.
  52. ^ "Tageseinträge für 30. August 1936". chroniknet. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  53. ^ "Timeline: Carving Mount Rushmore". American Experience. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  54. ^ "67 Miners Executed". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 31, 1936. p. 1.
  55. ^ "325 Trapped in German Pit; 20 Found Dead". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 1, 1936. p. 1.
  56. ^ "Tageseinträge für 31. August 1936". chroniknet. Retrieved August 16, 2015.

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