Cardinals created by Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI (b. 1927) with Cardinal Camillo Ruini (b. 1931).

Pope Benedict XVI (r. 2005–2013) created 90 cardinals in five consistories. With three of those consistories he respected the limit on the number of cardinal electors set at 120 in 1973, though sometimes exceeded by his predecessors. He exceeded that limit at the other two consistories, reaching as high as 125 in 2012.

With the consistory of February 2012, a majority of the cardinal electors had been named cardinals by him, 63 of 125. After his last consistory in November 2012, he had appointed 67 of the 120 electors.

Cardinal electors

Benedict's first, second and last consistories brought the number of cardinal electors to 120.

The 2010 consistory produced 121 electors, until Cardinal Bernard Panafieu turned 80 two months later on 26 January 2011. After the consistory of February 2012, there were 125 electors, and the count returned to 120 on 26 July after the 80th birthdays of Cardinals Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Edward Michael Egan, Miloslav Vlk, Henri Schwery, and James Francis Stafford.

24 March 2006

Jean-Pierre Ricard (b. 1944), made a cardinal on 24 March 2006.
Joseph Zen Ze-kiun (b. 1932, made a cardinal on 24 March 2006.

Pope Benedict XVI created new cardinals for the first time on 24 March 2006. He announced the names of fifteen new cardinals from eleven different countries on 22 February. Three belonged to the Roman Curia, nine headed a diocese, and two were bishops emeritus. One, Albert Vanhoye, was a Jesuit priest and theologian, not a bishop. Twelve of the fifteen were under 80 years old and eligible to vote in a papal conclave. With these new cardinals, Benedict limited the number of cardinal electors to 120, the maximum set by statute since 1973 and which John Paul II had at times exceeded. The appointments brought the total number of cardinals to 193.

Name Title when named cardinal Country
William Joseph Levada (1936–2019) Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith  United States
Franc Rode C.M. (b. 1934) Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life  Slovenia
Agostino Vallini (b. 1940) Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura  Italy
Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino (1942–2021) Archbishop of Caracas  Venezuela
Gaudencio Rosales (b. 1932) Archbishop of Manila  Philippines
Jean-Pierre Ricard (b. 1944) Archbishop of Bordeaux  France
Antonio Cañizares Llovera (b. 1945) Archbishop of Toledo  Spain
Nicolas Cheong Jin-suk (1931–2021) Archbishop of Seoul  South Korea
Seán Patrick O'Malley O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1944) Archbishop of Boston  United States
Stanisław Dziwisz (b. 1939) Archbishop of Kraków  Poland
Carlo Caffarra (1938–2017) Archbishop of Bologna  Italy
Joseph Zen Ze-kiun S.D.B. (b. 1932) Bishop of Hong Kong  Hong Kong
Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (1925–2017) Archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls  Italy
Peter Poreku Dery (1918–2008) Archbishop Emeritus of Tamale  Ghana
Albert Vanhoye S.J. (1923–2021) Secretary Emeritus of the Pontifical Biblical Commission  France

24 November 2007

Paul Josef Cordes (b. 1934), made a cardinal on 24 November 2007.
Théodore-Adrien Sarr (b. 1936, made a cardinal on 24 November 2007.

Pope Benedict announced the appointment of 23 new cardinals on 17 October 2007, scheduling a consistory for 24 November. Eighteen of the 23 cardinals were under 80. After the consistory, the College of Cardinals had 201 members, of whom 120 were eligible to vote in a papal election.

He announced that he had intended to make Bishop Ignacy Jeż of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg, Poland, who died on 16 October, a cardinal as well.

Name Title when named cardinal Country
Leonardo Sandri (b. 1943) Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches  Argentina
John Patrick Foley (1935–2011) Pro-Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem  United States
Giovanni Lajolo (b. 1935) President of the Governorate of Vatican City  Italy
Paul Josef Cordes (b. 1934) President of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'  Germany
Angelo Comastri (b. 1943) Vicar General for Vatican City  Italy
Stanisław Ryłko (b. 1945) President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity  Poland
Raffaele Farina S.D.B. (b. 1933) Librarian of the Vatican Apostolic Library & Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives  Italy
Agustín García-Gasco Vicente (1931–2011) Archbishop of Valencia  Spain
Seán Baptist Brady (b. 1939) Archbishop of Armagh  Ireland
Lluís Martínez Sistach (b. 1937) Archbishop of Barcelona  Spain
André Vingt-Trois (b. 1942) Archbishop of Paris  France
Angelo Bagnasco (b. 1943) Archbishop of Genoa  Italy
Théodore-Adrien Sarr (b. 1936) Archbishop of Dakar  Senegal
Oswald Gracias (b. 1944) Archbishop of Bombay  India
Francisco Robles Ortega (b. 1949) Archbishop of Monterrey  Mexico
Daniel Nicholas DiNardo (b. 1949) Archbishop of Galveston–Houston  United States
Odilo Scherer (b. 1949) Archbishop of São Paulo  Brazil
John Njue (b. 1944) Archbishop of Nairobi  Kenya
Emmanuel III Delly (1927–2014) Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans  Iraq
Giovanni Coppa (1925–2016) Assessor for General Affairs Emeritus of the Secretariat of State  Italy
Estanislao Esteban Karlic (b. 1926) Archbishop Emeritus of Paraná  Argentina
Urbano Navarrete Cortés S.J. (1920–2010) Rector Magnificus Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University  Spain
Umberto Betti O.F.M. (1922–2009) Rector Magnificus Emeritus of the Pontifical Lateran University  Italy

20 November 2010

Benedict announced the names of 24 new cardinals on 10 October 2010, scheduling a consistory for 20 November. Fifteen were Europeans, including ten Italians, seven of whom were senior members of the Roman Curia. Twenty were under 80 years old. This consistory brought the number of cardinals to 203, of whom 121 were eligible to vote in a conclave.

Name Title when named cardinal Country
Angelo Amato (b. 1938) Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints  Italy
Antonios Naguib (1935–2022) Patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts  Egypt
Robert Sarah (b. 1945) President of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'  Guinea
Francesco Monterisi (b. 1934) Archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls  Italy
Fortunato Baldelli (1935–2012) Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary  Italy
Raymond Leo Burke (b. 1948) Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura  United States
Kurt Koch (b. 1950) President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity   Switzerland
Paolo Sardi (1934–2019) Pro-Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta  Italy
Mauro Piacenza (b. 1944) Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy  Italy
Velasio de Paolis (1935–2017) President of the Prefecture of the Economic Affairs of the Holy See  Italy
Gianfranco Ravasi (b. 1942) President of the Pontifical Council for Culture  Italy
Medardo Joseph Mazombwe (1931–2013) Archbishop Emeritus of Lusaka  Zambia
Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga (1934-2020) Archbishop Emeritus of Quito  Ecuador
Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya (1939–2021) Archbishop of Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
Paolo Romeo (b. 1938) Archbishop of Palermo  Italy
Donald William Wuerl (b. 1940) Archbishop of Washington  United States
Raymundo Damasceno Assis (b. 1937) Archbishop of Aparecida  Brazil
Kazimierz Nycz (b. 1950) Archbishop of Warsaw  Poland
Malcolm Ranjith (b. 1947) Archbishop of Colombo  Sri Lanka
Reinhard Marx (b. 1953) Archbishop of Munich and Freising  Germany
José Manuel Estepa Llaurens (1926–2019) Military Ordinary Emeritus of Spain  Spain
Elio Sgreccia (1928–2019) President Emeritus of the Pontifical Academy for Life  Italy
Walter Brandmüller (b. 1929) President Emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences  Germany
Domenico Bartolucci (1917–2013) Director Master Emeritus of the Pontifical Musical Chorus  Italy

18 February 2012

Wim Eijk (b. 1953), made a cardinal on 18 February 2012.

Benedict announced the names of 22 new cardinals on 6 January 2012, with a consistory set for 18 February. Eighteen were young enough to be cardinal electors. Sixteen were Europeans, including seven Italians. Ten held Vatican offices. With these additions, the number of cardinal electors increased from 107 to 125, a majority of 63 of them named by Benedict. Though the number of cardinal electors exceeded the limit of 120, nine of them were due to turn eighty before the end of the year.[citation needed] Previously, only Pope John Paul II's consistories in 2001 and 2003 had produced a larger number of electors, 135. The consistory of February 2012 brought the total number of cardinals to 213.

Name Title when named Cardinal Country
Fernando Filoni (b. 1946) Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples  Italy
Manuel Monteiro de Castro (b. 1938) Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary  Portugal
Santos Abril y Castelló (b. 1935) Archpriest of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore  Spain
Antonio Maria Vegliò (b. 1938) President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People  Italy
Giuseppe Bertello (b. 1942) President of the Governorate of Vatican City  Italy
Francesco Coccopalmerio (b. 1938) President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts  Italy
João Braz de Aviz (b. 1947) Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life  Brazil
Edwin Frederick O'Brien (b. 1939) Pro-Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem  United States
Domenico Calcagno (b. 1943) President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See  Italy
Giuseppe Versaldi (b. 1943) President of the Prefecture of Economic Affairs of the Holy See  Italy
George Alencherry (b. 1945) Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly  India
Thomas Christopher Collins (b. 1947) Archbishop of Toronto  Canada
Dominik Duka O.P. (b. 1943) Archbishop of Prague  Czech Republic
Wim Jacobus Eijk (b. 1953) Archbishop of Utrecht  Netherlands
Giuseppe Betori (b. 1947) Archbishop of Florence  Italy
Timothy Michael Dolan (b. 1950) Archbishop of New York  United States
Rainer Woelki (b. 1956) Archbishop of Berlin  Germany
John Tong Hon (b. 1939) Bishop of Hong Kong  Hong Kong
Lucian Mureșan (b. 1931) Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia  Romania
Julien Ries (1920–2013) Priest from the Diocese of Namur  Belgium
Prosper Grech O.S.A. (1925-2019) Consultor for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith  Malta
Karl Josef Becker S.J. (1928–2015) Consultor for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith  Germany
John Tong Hon (b. 1939), made a cardinal on 18 February 2012.

24 November 2012

On 24 October 2012, during a meeting of the Synod of Bishops, Benedict announced he would create six cardinals at a consistory on 24 November. At the time, there were 116 cardinal electors, with two set to turn 80 in the next month. The six new cardinals would bring that number to 120, 67 of whom were made cardinals by Benedict. The November consistory brought the total number of cardinals to 211. Those named contrasted with those of the previous consistory, who had been criticized as "too Italian and too curial". Benedict said that "this little consistory" was meant to "complete" the earlier one "with a sign of the universality of the Church".

Name Title when named cardinal Country
James Michael Harvey (b. 1949) Prefect of the Prefecture of the Papal Household  United States
Bechara Boutros al-Rahi O.M.M. (b. 1940) Patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites  Lebanon
Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (b. 1959) Major Archbishop of Trivandrum  India
John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan (b. 1944) Archbishop of Abuja  Nigeria
Rubén Salazar Gómez (b. 1942) Archbishop of Bogotá  Colombia
Luis Antonio Tagle (b. 1957) Archbishop of Manila  Philippines

See also


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