Euteleostomi

Euteleostomes
Temporal range:
Late SilurianPresent, 425–0 Ma
Individual organisms from each major Euteleostomi group. Clockwise, starting from top left:

Fire salamander (Amphibia), saltwater crocodile (Reptilia), southern cassowary (Aves), black-and-rufous giant elephant shrew (Mammalia), ocean sunfish (Osteichthyes)

Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Teleostomi
Clade: Euteleostomi
Subgroups

Euteleostomi (Eu-teleostomi, where Eu- comes from Greek εὖ 'well, good' or Euteleostomes, also known as "bony vertebrates") is a successful clade that includes more than 90% of the living species of vertebrates. Both its major subgroups are successful today: Actinopterygii includes most extant bony fish species, and Sarcopterygii includes the tetrapods.

Euteleostomes originally all had an endochondral bone, fins with lepidotrichs (fin rays), jaws lined by maxillary, premaxillary, and dentary bones composed of dermal bone, and lungs. Many of these characters have since been lost by descendant groups, however, such as lepidotrichs lost in tetrapods, and bone lost among the chondrostean fishes. Lungs have been retained in dipnoi (lungfish), and many tetrapods (birds, mammals, reptiles, and some amphibians). In many ray-finned fishes, lungs have evolved into swim bladders for regulating buoyancy, while in others they continue to be used as respiratory gas bladders.

Euteleostomi vs. Osteichthyes

In ichthyology the difference between Euteleostomi and Osteichthyes is that the former presents a cladistic view, i.e. that the terrestrial tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii). Until recently, the view of most ichthyologists has been that Osteichthyes were paraphyletic and include only bony fishes. However, since 2013 widely cited ichthyology papers have been published with phylogenetic trees that treat the Osteichthyes as a clade including tetrapods. In paleontology, the terms Euteleostomi and Osteichthyes are synonymous.

Classification

Euteleostomi (Osteichthyes) contains the following extinct () and extant taxa:

Actinopterygii

Sarcopterygii

Phylogeny

The following cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships of extant Euteleostomi (Osteichthyes).

Euteleostomi/
Sarcopterygii
Actinistia

Coelacanths

Rhipidistia

Lungfish

Tetrapoda
Amphibia

Lissamphibia

Amniota
Synapsida

Mammals

Sauropsida
Lepidosauria

Squamates

Testudinata

Turtles

Archosauria

Birds and Crocodiles

(four‑limbed vertebrates)
(lobe‑finned fish)
Actinopterygii
Cladistia

Polypteriformes

Actinopteri
Chondrostei

Acipenseriformes

Neopterygii

Teleostei

Holostei
Halecomorphi

Amiiformes

Ginglymodi

Lepisosteiformes

(ray‑finned fish)
Osteichthyes

This page was last updated at 2024-03-11 13:10 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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