List of Pakistan Movement activists (Redirected from Founding Fathers of Pakistan)

A subset of Founding Fathers of Pakistan met in Lahore in 1940 to discuss the idea of Pakistan.

The Founders and activists of the Pakistan Movement, also known as Founding Fathers of Pakistan (Urdu:بانيڹ پاكستان; Romanization lit.:bəŋɨaɪaɪ-e-Pəkɨstəŋ), were the political leaders and statespersons who participated in the success of the political movement, following the signing of the Pakistan Resolution, that led the establishment and creation of the independent Pakistan on August 1947. Within this large group, a further and extended subset signed the Objective Resolution that was annexed to the Constitution of Pakistan in 1950.

The term was first used by the linguist and archeologist Dr. Ahmad Hasan Dani's book, the Founding Fathers of Pakistan (1998), which popularized the term in literary activities of the country. The Pakistan Movement was led by a large group of activists and statesmen who played crucial role in the politics of the British Indian Empire in 1930s and 1940s. More recently, the term was used by the government officially in explaining the foreign policy text. Authors and historians of Pakistan more broadly define the term "Founding Fathers" to mean a larger group which also includes all those who, whether as politicians, jurists, statesperson, soldiers, diplomats, academicians, or ordinary citizens, took part in winning the independence of four provinces in the north-west region of British India from the control of the United Kingdom and also from the influence of the Indian Congress; this creating Pakistan.

The following is a list of people who played a prominent role in making of Pakistan as independence activists, leaders, freedom fighters and revolutionaries.

Historical background

All-India Muslim League's convention held in 1938.

In 1905, the Bengal presidency's partition was decided by the English government which separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas was supported by the Muslims communities. The success of the Swadeshi movement led by Indian activists led the reintegrating the presidency and it was a catalyst in making the Muslims reformers of India realize the need for a separate homeland.

During the same year, the political efforts and initiations led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan led the establishment of the historic All-India Muslim League (AIML) to protect the interests and rights of the Muslim regions in the subcontinent. Mutual distrust among the Hindu leaders and Muslim reformers further grew. A conference held as well as chaired by Indian Viceroy, Early Minto, the Hindu-Muslim conflict was raised to the constitutional plane. In 1906, an annual meeting of Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Dhaka led by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah, Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk, Aga Khan III and 3,000 other delegates attended the session making it the largest-ever representative gathering of Muslim India. Muslim cleric Ali Johar wrote All-India Muslim League's first agenda and Syed Ameer Ali established its European branch in the United Kingdom.

For quite sometime, the Muslim League worked on its reputation and credibility against the much influential Indian Congress. It was not until when Liaquat Ali Khan and his companion Begum Rana Liaquat Ali convinced Muhammad Ali Jinnah and among others to join the Muslim League in 1930s. The philosophical idea, Pakistan (Iqbal, 1930); the 14 points (Jinnah, 1929); the Now or Never (Ali, 1933); the Two-nation theory which was subsequently contributed by many activists and leaders played a crucial role in gaining the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Ashraf Ali Thanwi's disciples Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Zafar Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation of Pakistan.

The newly founded country of Pakistan had to create a government and legislature to replace the British India government and the British Parliament. The founding fathers of Pakistan first established the partial Constituent Assembly (which was replaced with Parliament), and adopted the Objectives Resolution was annexed to the Constitution of Pakistan.

Occupations and finances

The founders and activists as well had different occupations and practiced a wide range of high and middle-status occupations, and many pursued more than one career simultaneously. However, the more influential founding fathers were trained and professional barristers and lawyers.[citation needed] Notable activist, Sir Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, was a mathematician who helped forming in the first educational policy of the country.[citation needed] Ra'ana Ali Khan was an economist; and Abu Bakr Ahmad, a political scientist; M.M. Sharif, a philosopher; and Shaukat Hyatt Khan, an officer in the British Army, are the quiet few notable personalities who played an integrated role in the movement.[citation needed]

List of Founders of Pakistan

Listed Founders of Pakistan
Name
(Birth and date)
Portrait Place of representation and origin Pre-independence and Post-independence notability
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(1876–1948)
Karachi, Sindh Founder of Pakistan
First Governor-General of Pakistan
First President-Speaker of the Constituent Assembly
Presiding figure of the Muslim League
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
(1877–1939)
Sialkot, Punjab Regarded as Spiritual Father of Pakistan
Presented and conceived the idea of Pakistan
Formalize the Two-Nation Theory
Philosopher and Poet of Urdu language
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
(1863–1943)
Thana Bhawan, Muzaffarnagar Leader of the Ulama who supported the Pakistan Movement.
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
(1887–1949)
Bijnor, North-Western Provinces Key player in religious support for the creation of Pakistan, Founder of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, raise the first flag of Pakistan in Karachi.
Zafar Ahmad Usmani
(1892–1974)
Deoband, British India Another key player in religious support for the creation of Pakistan, second leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, raise the first flag of Pakistan in Dhaka.
Aga Khan III
(1877–1957)
Karachi, Sindh Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Led the Ismailism movement in support of Pakistan movement.
Liaquat Ali Khan
(1895–1951)
Karnal, Punjab First Prime Minister of Pakistan
Author of Objectives Resolution
Fatima Jinnah
(1893–1967)
Karachi, Sindh Regarded as Māder-e-Pakistan
Woman activist
Younger sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Leader of the Opposition during 1965 elections
Qazi Muhammad Isa
(1914–1976)
Pishin, Balochistan Organizer of Muslim League in Balochistan and NWFP
Youngest member of Muslim League's working committee
Fazlul Huq
(1873–1962)
Barisal, Bengal Ascended as Interior Minister of Pakistan
Governor of East Pakistan
Khawaja Nazimuddin
(1894–1964)
Dhaka, Bengal First Bengali leader of Pakistan
Second Prime Minister of Pakistan
Second Governor-General of Pakistan
Naseer Ahmad Malhi
(1911–1991)
Sialkot, Punjab First Minister of Education of Pakistan
Rahmat Ali
(1897–1951)
Balachaur, Punjab Coined and created "Pakstan"
Author of Now or Never
Bahadur Yar Jung
(1905–1944)
Hyderabad, Hyderabad Deccan
Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan
(1895–1963)
Jhelum, Punjab Leader of Pakistan Movement, close companion of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, minister and diplomat
Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial

(1913–2010)

Jhang, Punjab Key presiding figure of the Muslim League.

Member All-India Constituent Assembly.

Chief Party Whip.

G. M. Syed
(1904–1995)
Karachi, Sindh Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Rallied Sindh's support for Pakistan movement
Abdur Rab Nishtar
(1899–1958)
Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Governor of Punjab
First Minister of communications
Huseyn Suhrawardy
(1892–1963)
Dhaka, Bengal Fifth Prime Minister of Pakistan
Enforcer of One Unit
Mohammad Ali Jouhar
(1878–1931)
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Muslim cleric and leader of Khilafat Movement
Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Shaukat Ali
(1873–1939)
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Muslim cleric and leader of Khilafat Movement
Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Jalal-ud-din Jalal Baba
(1901–1981)
Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Founder of Hazara Muslim League
Senior Muslim Leaguer and winner of referendum in NWFP
Zafar Ali Khan
(1873–1956)
Wazirabad, Punjab and Poet of Urdu language
Ra'ana Ali Khan
(1905–1990)
Almora, United Provinces First Lady of Pakistan
Governor of Sindh
Initiated Women military corps
Widely known as Māder-e-Pakistan"
Jogendra Nath Mandal
(1904–1968)
Barisal, Bengal First Law Minister of Pakistan
Victor Turner
(1892–1974)
London United Kingdom Founded Federal Board of Revenue
First Finance Secretary of Pakistan
Founder of Pakistan Civil Services
Syed Amir-uddin Kedwaii
(1901–1973)
Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh Designed the Pakistani Flag
Khaliq-uz-Zaman
(1889–1963)
Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Presiding figure of the Muslim League
Jahanara Shahnawaz
(1896–1979)
Lahore, Punjab Crucial role in women legislature after the independence.

Notable activists

The activities and constant public gathering of founding fathers of Pakistan attracted the people of North-West India to be politically active in the movement. Many of the activists would later becoming the future leader of the country.

Listed activists of Pakistan
Name
(Birth and date)
Portrait Place of representation and origin Pre-independence and Post-independence notability
Shireen Jinnah
(1891–1980)
Karachi, Sindh Sister of Jinnah
Muhammad Asad
(1900–1992)
Lemberg, Austria-Hungary Honorary figure in Pakistan
Sartaj Aziz
(1929–)
Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa National Security Adviser (2013–Present)
Played key role in the political events in Pakistan, including that of nuclear tests in 1998
Professor of Economics at various universities of Pakistan.
Rafiq Tarar Gujranwala, Punjab 9th President of Pakistan
(1997–2001)
Mir Hazar Khoso Jaffarabad, Balochistan Acting Prime Minister of Pakistan
(25 March 2013 – 4 June 2013)
Nurul Amin
(1893–1974)
Shahbazpur, Bengal Prime Minister of Pakistan
(7–20 December 1971)
Only Vice-president of Pakistan
Shahzada Rehmatullah Khan Durrani
(1919-1992)
Quetta, Balochistan Politician
Alvin Robert Cornelius
(1903–1991)
Agra Chief Justice of Pakistan
(1960–1968)
Pir Gohar
(1931–2013)
Mardan, KP Poet and critic
(19xx–2013)
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
(1920–1975)
then Faridpur, Bengal The leader of Pakistan's majority party in the 1970 elections and later the founder and president of Bangladesh.

See also


This page was last updated at 2024-01-23 04:38 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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