Humphrey Bogart on stage, screen, radio and television

Bogart in Brother Orchid,1940

Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957)[1][2] was an American actor and producer whose 36-year career began with live stage productions in New York in 1920. He had been born into an affluent family in New York's Upper West Side,[3] the first-born child and only son of illustrator Maud Humphrey and physician Belmont Deforest Bogart.[1] The family eventually came to include his sisters Patricia and Catherine.[4] His parents believed he would excel academically, possibly matriculate at Yale University and become a surgeon.[5] They enrolled him in the private schools of Delancey, Trinity, and Phillips Academy, but Bogart was not scholarly inclined and never completed his term at Phillips, joining the United States Navy in 1918.[5]

At the completion of his military service, Bogart began working in theatrical productions. He was initially employed as a manager behind the scenes in the plays Experience and The Ruined Lady, before trying his talents on stage in the 1922 play Drifting. A recurring legend about Bogart is that his dialog in the 1925 play Hell's Bells was, "Tennis anyone?", but Bogart dismissed that as a fallacy. His body of stage work included more than a dozen plays, and lasted a little over a decade.

He began to pursue a career in film by 1928, first appearing in the short film The Dancing Town, and in the 1930 short film Broadway's Like That. Bogart appeared in 75 feature films, and initially believed he was on the road to stardom when he secured a 1929 contract with Fox Film. The resulting productions of A Devil with Women, Up the River, A Holy Terror, Body and Soul and Women of All Nations for Fox, as well as Bad Sister for Universal Pictures, were a disappointment to him, and he returned to New York stage work.

Bogart's break-out role was in 197 stage performances as escaped murderer Duke Mantee in the 1935 Broadway theatre production of The Petrified Forest, with actor Leslie Howard in the lead. The play, and his subsequent casting in the movie version, propelled him to stardom, and secured him a movie contract with Warner Bros. He made 48 films for them, including The Maltese Falcon, To Have and Have Not, Key Largo and Casablanca, the latter of which earned Bogart his first nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor. Bogart won the award for his second nomination, for his 1951 performance in the United Artists production The African Queen. His third Oscar nomination was for his performance in the 1954 Columbia Pictures production The Caine Mutiny.

In addition to his film work, Bogart guest starred on numerous radio and television programs, primarily reprising versions of his film roles. He formed Santana Productions in 1948, with the company's 1950 production of In a Lonely Place chosen by the National Film Registry in 2007 for permanent preservation as "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant. Santana Productions also created the 1951–1952 Bold Venture half-hour radio series as a vehicle for Bogart and his wife Lauren Bacall.

Broadway theatre (1920–1935)

After Bogart completed his World War I service with the United States Navy, he found theatrical employment in New York. He stage managed the 1920 play Experience, and later became a road manager for The Ruined Lady.[1] When he began to pursue an acting career, his debut role was in the 1922 play Drifting.[6]

He appeared in 18 productions on Broadway, including the role that would propel him to fame and success in the movie industry. January through June 1935, he appeared on the Broadway stage as Duke Mantee in 197 performances of The Petrified Forest. Mantee was a murderer fleeing across the Arizona-Mexico border, to evade capture by law enforcement.[7] Leslie Howard had the lead role of intellectual idealist Alan Squier.[8]

Note that the opening and closing dates of the below productions are not listed. With the exception of The Petrified Forest, the sources do not indicate whether or not Bogart was in the entire run of any production.

Broadway theatre credits of Humphrey Bogart[9]
Title Year Role Theatre Notes Ref(s)
Drifting 1922 Multiple roles Playhouse Theatre [6]
Swifty 1922 Tom Proctor Playhouse Theatre [10]
Meet the Wife 1923 Gregory Brown Klaw Theatre [11]
Nerves 1924 Bob Thatch Comedy Theatre [12]
Hell's Bells 1925 Jimmy Todhunter Wallack's Theatre Popular lore says Bogart delivered the line, "Tennis anyone?" (or similar phrasing) in this play. Bogart denied it, saying his line was, "It's forty-love outside. Anyone care to watch?" [13]
Cradle Snatchers 1925 Jose Vallejo Music Box Theatre [14]
Baby Mine 1927 Alfred Hardy Chanin's 46th Street Theatre [15][16]
Saturday's Children 1927 Rims O'Neil Booth Theatre [17]
Saturday's Children 1928 Rims O'Neil Forrest Theatre [18]
Skyrocket 1929 Vic. Ewing Lyceum Theatre [19]
It's a Wise Child 1929–1930 Roger Baldwin Belasco Theatre [20]
After All 1931 Duff Wilson Booth Theatre [21]
I Loved You Wednesday 1932 Randall Williams Sam H. Harris Theatre [22]
Chrysalis 1932 Don Ellis Martin Beck Theatre [23]
Our Wife 1933 Jerry Marvin Booth Theatre [24]
The Mask and the Face 1933 Luciano Spina Guild Theatre [25]
Invitation to a Murder 1934 Horatio Channing Theatre Masque [26]
The Petrified Forest 1935 Duke Mantee Broadhurst Theatre 197 performances, with Leslie Howard in the lead role of Alan Squier [8]

Short films (1928–1930)

Bogart always believed that the future of his profession was ultimately in the burgeoning film industry. After signing with Charles Frohman Productions, he was cast as the male lead opposite stage actress Helen Hayes in a two-reel silent The Dancing Town (1928) for Paramount Pictures.[27] He appeared in a Vitaphone short musical Broadway's Like That (1930), which also featured Joan Blondell and Ruth Etting.[28]

Film short credits of Humphrey Bogart
Title Year Role Notes Ref(s)
The Dancing Town 1928 Man in Doorway at Dance Paramount Pictures
Preserved at the UCLA Film & Television Archive
[29]
Broadway's Like That 1930 Ruth's Fiancé Soundtrack lost
Vitaphone
[30]

Feature length films (1930–1956)

Bogart, Leslie Howard and Bette Davis, in The Petrified Forest, 1936
The Maltese Falcon (1941 film poster)
Dooley Wilson and Bogart in Casablanca (1942)
Bacall and Bogart To Have and Have Not (1942)
In a Lonely Place (1950 poster)
Katherine Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart,The African Queen (1951)

He made 75 feature length films in his career. Two serendipitous events helped pave a path for his career ambitions. During the last half of the 1920s decade, the film industry's transition from the silent era to sound films had turned its focus towards stage actors whose vocal talents had been honed in front of live audiences.[31] When the 1929 stock market crash triggered the Great Depression in the United States, funding for stage shows became uncertain.[31] Bogart's brother-in-law Stuart Rose[32] had become an employee of Fox Film, and was able to arrange a screen test for him with Fox executive Al Lewis. After viewing the test, the Hollywood home office of Fox sent Lewis a directive that Bogart was to be signed to a $750 per week contract, with an option of raising it to $1,000 per week if he performed as expected:[31]

I'm going to become the biggest movie star Hollywood's ever seen.

— Humphrey Bogart after signing his Fox contract in 1929[33]

The films made in Hollywood under his Fox contract were A Devil with Women (1930), Up the River (1930), A Holy Terror (1931), Body and Soul (1931), and Women of All Nations (1931). While still in California, he also made Bad Sister (1931) for Universal Pictures. Bogart was less than impressed with the end products, and returned to his stage career in New York.[15]

When Warner Bros. purchased the film rights for The Petrified Forest, Leslie Howard retained the lead role he had held on the Broadway stage, but the studio had replaced Bogart in the role of Mantee with Edward G. Robinson. Howard intervened on Bogart's behalf to secure the role for him.[34][35] Following the success of Bogart's performance in the 1936 film, Jack L. Warner put him under contract for $550 a week, with a morals clause, and financial options which could potentially more than triple Bogart's weekly salary.[36]

He continued to appear in feature films for the rest of his life, and claimed that "at Warner Bros. in the 30s, I became a one-man film factory."[37] He made 48 films for Warner Bros., more than any other studio he was affiliated with. His body of work there included some of his most acclaimed films: Dark Victory (1939), High Sierra (1941), The Maltese Falcon (1941), Casablanca (1942), To Have and Have Not (1944), The Big Sleep (1946), The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and Key Largo (1948).[38] By comparison, he only made seven films with Fox, five films each with Columbia Pictures and his own Santana Productions, three films for Paramount Pictures, two for United Artists, and one film each for United States Pictures, Universal Pictures, First National Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Productions, MGM and Walter Wanger Productions.

Bogart created his own Santana Productions in 1948. The company produced Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), And Baby Makes Three (1949) starring Robert Young and Barbara Hale, Sirocco (1951), The Family Secret (1951) starring John Derek and Lee J. Cobb, and Beat the Devil (1951), Bogart's spoof of The Maltese Falcon. The company's production of In a Lonely Place (1950) was added to National Film Registry in 2007, "to be preserved for all time". Inclusion of films in the registry are based on "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant quality.[39]

List of feature films

Feature length films of Humphrey Bogart[40]
Title Year Role Notes Ref(s)
A Devil with Women 1930 Tom Standish Fox Film [41]
Up the River 1930 Steve Jordan Fox Film [42]
Bad Sister 1931 Valentine Corliss Universal Pictures
distributed through Warner Bros.
[43]
A Holy Terror 1931 Steve Nash Fox Film [44]
Body and Soul 1931 Jim Watson Fox Film [45]
Women of All Nations 1931 Stone
Deleted scenes
Fox Film
Preserved at the UCLA Film & Television Archive
[46]
Big City Blues 1932 Shep Adkins Warner Bros. [47]
Three on a Match 1932 Harve Warner Bros. [48]
Love Affair 1932 Jim Leonard Columbia Pictures [49]
Midnight 1934 Gar Boni aka Call It Murder
Universal Pictures
[50]
The Petrified Forest 1936 Duke Mantee Warner Bros. [51]
Bullets or Ballots 1936 Nick "Bugs" Fenner Warner Bros. [52]
Two Against the World 1936 Sherry Scott aka One Fatal Hour
Warner Bros.
[53]
China Clipper 1936 Hap Stuart First National Pictures [54]
Isle of Fury 1936 Valentine "Val" Stevens Warner Bros. [55]
Black Legion 1937 Frank Taylor Warner Bros. [56]
The Great O'Malley 1937 John Phillips Warner Bros. [57]
Marked Woman 1937 District Attorney David Graham Warner Bros. [58]
San Quentin 1937 Joe "Red" Kennedy Warner Bros. [59]
Kid Galahad 1937 Turkey Morgan Warner Bros. [60]
Dead End 1937 Hugh "Baby Face" Martin Samuel Goldwyn Productions [61]
Stand-In 1937 Doug Quintain Walter Wanger Productions [62]
Swing Your Lady 1938 Ed Hatch Warner Bros. [63]
Crime School 1938 Deputy Commissioner Mark Braden Warner Bros. [64]
Men Are Such Fools 1938 Harry Galleon Warner Bros. [65]
Racket Busters 1938 Pete "Czar" Martin Warner Bros. [66]
The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse 1938 "Rocks" Valentine Warner Bros. [67]
Angels with Dirty Faces 1938 James Frazier Warner Bros. [68]
King of the Underworld 1939 Joe Gurney Warner Bros. [69]
The Oklahoma Kid 1939 Whip McCord Warner Bros. [70]
You Can't Get Away with Murder 1939 Frank Wilson Warner Bros. [71]
Dark Victory 1939 Michael O'Leary Warner Bros. [72]
The Roaring Twenties 1939 George Hally Warner Bros. [73]
The Return of Doctor X 1939 Dr. Maurice Xavier, aka Marshall Quesne Warner Bros. [74]
Invisible Stripes 1939 Chuck Martin Warner Bros. [75]
They Drive by Night 1940 Paul Fabrini Warner Bros. [76]
Virginia City 1940 John Murrell Warner Bros. [77]
It All Came True 1940 Grasselli aka Chips Maguire Warner Bros. [78]
Brother Orchid 1940 Jack Buck Warner Bros. [79]
High Sierra 1941 Roy Earle Warner Bros. [80]
The Wagons Roll at Night 1941 Nick Coster Warner Bros. [81]
The Maltese Falcon 1941 Sam Spade First film appearance of Sydney Greenstreet
Warner Bros.
[82]
All Through the Night 1942 Alfred 'Gloves' Donahue Warner Bros. [83]
The Big Shot 1942 Joseph "Duke" Berne Warner Bros. [84]
Across the Pacific 1942 Rick Leland Warner Bros. [85]
Casablanca 1942 Rick Blaine Nominated for Best Actor Oscar
Warner Bros.
[86]
Action in the North Atlantic 1943 Lt. Joe Rossi Warner Bros. [87]
Sahara 1943 Sgt. Joe Gunn Columbia Pictures [88]
Thank Your Lucky Stars 1943 Himself Warner Bros. [89]
Passage to Marseille 1944 Jean Matrac Warner Bros. [90]
To Have and Have Not 1944 Harry "Steve" Morgan Lauren Bacall's debut film
Warner Bros.
[91]
Conflict 1945 Richard Mason Warner Bros. [92]
The Big Sleep 1946 Philip Marlowe Warner Bros.
Preserved at the UCLA Film & Television Archive
[93]
Dead Reckoning 1947 Capt. Warren "Rip" Murdock Columbia Pictures [94]
The Two Mrs. Carrolls 1947 Geoffrey Carroll Warner Bros. [95]
Dark Passage 1947 Vincent Parry Warner Bros. [96]
Always Together 1948 Himself Warner Bros. [97]
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre 1948 Fred C. Dobbs Warner Bros. [98]
Key Largo 1948 Frank McCloud Warner Bros. [99]
Knock on Any Door 1949 Andrew Morton Santana Productions, Bogart's company founded in 1948
Preserved at the UCLA Film & Television Archive
[100]
Tokyo Joe 1949 Joseph "Joe" Barrett Santana Productions [101]
Chain Lightning 1950 Lt. Col. Matthew "Matt" Brennan Warner Bros. [102]
In a Lonely Place 1950 Dixon Steele Santana Productions;added to the National Film Registry in 2007, as "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant. [103][39]
The Enforcer 1951 Dist. Atty. Martin Ferguson United States Pictures
Preserved at the UCLA Film & Television Archive
[104]
Sirocco 1951 Harry Smith Santana Productions [105]
The African Queen 1951 Charlie Allnut Won the Best Actor Oscar
United Artists
[106]
Deadline – U.S.A. 1952 Ed Hutcheson Fox Film [107]
Battle Circus 1953 Maj. Jed Webbe MGM [108]
Beat the Devil 1953 Billy Dannreuther Romulus Films
Santana Pictures Corporation
[109]
The Caine Mutiny 1954 Lt. Cmdr. Philip Francis Queeg Nominated for Best Actor Oscar
Columbia Pictures
[110]
Sabrina 1954 Linus Larrabee Paramount Pictures [111]
The Barefoot Contessa 1954 Harry Dawes Figaro
United Artists
[112]
We're No Angels 1955 Joseph Paramount Pictures [113]
The Left Hand of God 1955 James "Jim" Carmody Fox Film [114]
The Desperate Hours 1955 Glenn Griffin Paramount Pictures [115]
The Harder They Fall 1956 Eddie Willis Columbia Pictures [116]

Miscellaneous and uncredited film appearances (1944–1954)

Occasionally Bogart made a few public fund-raising/patriotic appearances on film. He also appeared in cameos, some uncredited, in a small handful of other films.

Misc and uncredited films of Humphrey Bogart[40]
Title Year Notes Ref(s)
I Am an American 1944 Produced for Constitution Day [note 1]
Report from the Front 1944 American Red Cross fund-raising short [28]
Hollywood Victory Caravan 1944 Victory Bond tour [28]
Two Guys From Milwaukee 1946 A Warner Bros. film, with Bogart and Bacall cameo uncredited sitting at a table
[28]
Always Together 1948 Bit part spoof of Stella Dallas, Bogart cameo crying against a window pane. [28]
Road to Bali 1952 A clip from The African Queen [28]
US Savings Bond trailer 1952 Bogart urging Americans to buy savings bonds [28]
The Love Lottery 1954 Uncredited cameo
David Niven film for Ealing Studios
[28]

Radio and television (1939–1955)

He made numerous radio and television appearances throughout his career. The Lux Radio Theatre was an anthology series featuring adaptations of Broadway plays and film scripts. It was broadcast on the NBC Blue Network (1934–35) (owned by the National Broadcasting Company, later predecessor of American Broadcasting Company [ABC] in 1943–1945); CBS Radio network (Columbia Broadcasting System) (1935–54), and NBC Radio (1954–55).[118]

The Screen Guild Theater (aka Gulf Screen Guild Theater aka Stars in the Air) was a radio anthology series broadcast from 1939 until 1952.[119] Academy Award Theatre was a 1946 radio anthology series featuring adaptations of film scripts.[120] Kraft Music Hall was a radio musical variety show on NBC radio from 1933 to 1949.[121] The Bold Venture half-hour radio series ran for 78 episodes during 1951–1952, and was developed by Bogart's Santana Productions, as a starring vehicle for Bogart and his wife Lauren Bacall.[122]

Radio and television credits of Humphrey Bogart
Program Episode Air date Ref(s)
Lux Radio Theatre Bullets or Ballots April 17, 1939 [123]
The Gulf Screen Guild Theater The Petrified Forest 1940 [124]
The Gulf Screen Guild Theater If Only She Could Cook 1941 [124]
The Gulf Screen Guild Theater The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse 1941 [125]
The Gulf Screen Guild Theater If Only You Could Cook 1941 [124]
The Screen Guild Theater High Sierra January 4, 1942 [126]
Jack Benny Radio Program The Frightwig Murder Case February 2, 1942 [127]
The Screen Guild Theater Casablanca 1943 [128]
The Screen Guild Theater The Maltese Falcon September 20, 1943 [129]
Screen Guild Players High Sierra 1944 [130]
Lux Radio Theatre Moontide April 30, 1945 [131]
Academy Award Theatre The Maltese Falcon July 3, 1946 [129]
Lux Radio Theatre To Have and Have Not 1946 [132]
Jack Benny Radio Program January 5, 1947 [133]
Kraft Music Hall November 6, 1947 [134]
Lux Radio Theatre Treasure of the Sierra Madre April 18, 1949 [135]
Bold Venture 78-episode series 1951–52 [136]
Stars in the Air
(Screen Guild Theater)
The House on 92nd Street 1952 [137]
Lux Radio Theatre The African Queen 1952 [138]
Jack Benny television program (CBS -TV) October 25, 1953 [139]
Producers' Showcase (NBC -TV) The Petrified Forest May 30, 1955 [140]

Awards and honors

Bogart's first nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor was for Casablanca (1942),[141] a film that he and co-stars Ingrid Bergman and Paul Henreid initially believed was of little significance.[note 2][143] He was nominated a second time for the award for The Caine Mutiny (1954)[144] before finally winning the Oscar for The African Queen (1951).[145] He posthumously received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.[146] The United States Postal Service honored Bogart in 1997, at a ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre unveiling Bogart's stamp as part of the postal service's "Legends of Hollywood" series.[147] In 2006, the street in front of his boyhood home was renamed Humphrey Bogart Place.[148]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The 16-minute film short was shown in American theaters for "I Am an American Day" (now called Constitution Day). I Am an American was produced by Gordon Hollingshead, also written by Crane Wilbur. Besides Bogart, it featured Gary Gray, Dick Haymes, Danny Kaye, Joan Leslie, Dennis Morgan, Knute Rockne, and Jay Silverheels.[117]
  2. ^ "Bogart and Paul [Henreid] and especially me believed that Casablanca was a little picture, a waste of our time." [comment from Bergman] p.10. ... "[Bergman] didn't want to be Ilsa in Casablanca. She wanted to be Maria in For Whom The Bell Tolls. And Humphrey didn't really want to be Rick. Ingrid remembered that the only subject they had in common, was how much they both wanted to get out of Casablanca" p. 82 ... "[Henreid] had declined the part of Lazlo, because he felt it wouldn't be a good one for his future career in Hollywood." p.85[142]

References

  1. ^ a b c Barbour 1973, pp. 11–12.
  2. ^ Porter 2010, p. 500.
  3. ^ Fernandez, Manny (June 25, 2006). "You Must Remember This; A Sign Is Not Just a Sign (Published 2006)". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  4. ^ Porter 2010, p. 11.
  5. ^ a b Porter 2010, pp. 11-12, 42-43.
  6. ^ a b "Drifting". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  7. ^ "The Petrified Forest". TCM. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "The Petrified Forest". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  9. ^ "Humphrey Bogart – Broadway Cast & Staff | IBDB". IBDB. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  10. ^ "Swifty". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  11. ^ "Meet the Wife". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  12. ^ "Nerves". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  13. ^ Porter 2010, p. 86.
  14. ^ "Cradle Snatchers". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  15. ^ a b Barbour 1973, p. 13.
  16. ^ "Baby Mine". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  17. ^ "Saturday's Children". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
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  19. ^ "Skyrocket". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  20. ^ "It's a Wise Child". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  21. ^ "After All". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  22. ^ "I Loved You Wednesday". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  23. ^ "Chrysalis". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  24. ^ "Our Wife". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  25. ^ "The Mask and the Face". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  26. ^ "Invitation to a Murder". IBDB. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  27. ^ Porter 2010, p. 117.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Barbour 1973, p. 154.
  29. ^ "The Dancing Town". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  30. ^ Koszarski 2008, p. 267.
  31. ^ a b c Porter 2010, p. 129.
  32. ^ Porter 2010, p. 96.
  33. ^ Porter 2010, p. 130.
  34. ^ Porter 2010, pp. 255–256.
  35. ^ "The Petrified Forest". TCM. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
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  37. ^ Porter 2010, p. 269.
  38. ^ Porter 2010, pp. 481–492.
  39. ^ a b "Librarian of Congress Announces National Film Registry Selections for 2007". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  40. ^ a b Barbour 1973, pp. 141–153.
  41. ^ "A Devil with Women". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  42. ^ "Up the River". TCM. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  43. ^ "Bad Sister". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  44. ^ "A Holy Terror". TCM. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  45. ^ "Body and Soul". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  46. ^ "Women of All Nations". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  47. ^ "Big City Blues". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  48. ^ "Three on a Match". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  49. ^ "Love Affair". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  50. ^ "Midnight". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  51. ^ "The Petrified Forest". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  52. ^ "Bullets or Ballots". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  53. ^ "Two Against the World". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  54. ^ "China Clipper". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  55. ^ "Isle of Fury". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  56. ^ "Black Legion". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  57. ^ "The Great O'Malley". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  58. ^ "Marked Woman". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  59. ^ "San Quentin". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  60. ^ "Kid Galahad". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  61. ^ "Dead End". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  62. ^ "Stand-In". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  63. ^ "Swing Your Lady". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  64. ^ "Crime School". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  65. ^ "Men Are Such Fools". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  66. ^ "Racket Busters". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  67. ^ "The Amazing Dr. Clitterhousel". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  68. ^ "Angels with Dirty Faces". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  69. ^ "King of the Underworld". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  70. ^ "The Oklahoma Kid". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  71. ^ "You Can't Get Away with Murder". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  72. ^ "Dark Victory". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  73. ^ "The Roaring Twenties". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  74. ^ "The Return of Doctor X". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  75. ^ "Invisible Stripes". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  76. ^ "They Drive by Night". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  77. ^ "Virginia City". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  78. ^ "It All Came True". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  79. ^ "Brother Orchid". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  80. ^ "High Sierra". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  81. ^ "The Wagons Roll at Night". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  82. ^ "The Maltese Falcon". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  83. ^ "All Through the Night". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  84. ^ "The Big Shot". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  85. ^ "Across the Pacific". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  86. ^ "Casablanca". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  87. ^ "Action in the North Atlantic". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  88. ^ "Sahara". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  89. ^ "Thank Your Lucky Stars". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  90. ^ "Passage to Marseille". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  91. ^ "To Have and Have Not". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  92. ^ "Conflict". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  93. ^ "The Big Sleep". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  94. ^ "Dead Reckoning". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  95. ^ "The Two Mrs. Carrolls". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  96. ^ "Dark Passage". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  97. ^ "Always Together". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  98. ^ "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  99. ^ "Key Largo". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  100. ^ "Knock on Any Door". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  101. ^ "Tokyo Joe". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  102. ^ "Chain Lightning". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  103. ^ "In a Lonely Place". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  104. ^ "The Enforcer". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  105. ^ "Sirocco". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  106. ^ "The African Queen". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  107. ^ "Deadline – U.S.A." AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  108. ^ "Battle Circus". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  109. ^ "Beat the Devil". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  110. ^ "The Caine Mutiny". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  111. ^ "Sabrina". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  112. ^ "The Barefoot Contessa". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  113. ^ "We're No Angels". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  114. ^ "The Left Hand of God". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  115. ^ "The Desperate Hours". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  116. ^ "The Harder They Fall}". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  117. ^ "I Am An American". TCM. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  118. ^ Dunning 1998, pp. 416–418.
  119. ^ Dunning 1998, pp. 600–601.
  120. ^ Dunning 1998, p. 4.
  121. ^ Dunning 1998, p. 386.
  122. ^ Dunning 1998, pp. 109–110.
  123. ^ "Radio Classics: Bullets or Ballots rebroadcast". Radio Classics. November 18, 2015. Sirius XM. Channel 148. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  124. ^ a b c "Screen Guild Theater .. episodic log". Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs. Jerry Haendiges Productions. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  125. ^ "The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse". UCLA Film & Television Archive. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  126. ^ "Screen Guild Theater". Internet Archive. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
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Bibliography

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