Karnal

Karnal
Clockwise from top right; K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower.
Karnal is located in Haryana
Karnal
Karnal
Location in Haryana, India
Karnal is located in India
Karnal
Karnal
Karnal (India)
Coordinates: 29°41′10″N 76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E / 29.686; 76.989
Country India
StateHaryana
DistrictKarnal
RegionNorth India
Founded byRaja Karna
Named forKarna
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyMunicipal Corporation Karnal
 • MLA, Chief MinisterManohar Lal Khattar
 • Member of ParliamentSanjay Bhatia
 • MayorRenu Bala Gupta
Area
 • Total87 km2 (34 sq mi)
Population
(2011)
 • Total357,334
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
132001
Area code0184
Vehicle registrationHR-05
literacy rate84.60%
Sex ratio996/1000 Female/Male
Websitekarnal.gov.in

Karnal (pronunciation) is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by the East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.

Etymology

The city associates itself with the character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata.

History

Ancient

At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar. The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauji rule under the Pala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of Mihira Bhoja, the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.

Medieval

The Tomaras, a dynasty descending from Raja Jaala, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century. About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratyahara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Amanpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhan's of Shakambhari, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana Vighnaraja IV. The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazi. The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarani when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.

In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, and captured India along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire.

Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.

Daria-i-Noor diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)
Rao Bal Kishan who fought against Nadir shah.

In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal, in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah. Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission. The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule. On 24 Feb1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 Feb, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari.

Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size. On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.

Modern

During the Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.

Climate

Climate data for Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2)
33.2
(91.8)
37.5
(99.5)
45.2
(113.4)
46.0
(114.8)
45.6
(114.1)
43.9
(111.0)
42.0
(107.6)
38.3
(100.9)
39.3
(102.7)
34.4
(93.9)
28.5
(83.3)
46.0
(114.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4)
22.4
(72.3)
27.7
(81.9)
35.3
(95.5)
38.3
(100.9)
37.9
(100.2)
33.9
(93.0)
32.8
(91.0)
32.5
(90.5)
31.7
(89.1)
27.4
(81.3)
21.8
(71.2)
30.1
(86.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.1
(44.8)
9.4
(48.9)
13.5
(56.3)
18.8
(65.8)
23.3
(73.9)
25.5
(77.9)
25.6
(78.1)
25.1
(77.2)
23.2
(73.8)
17.4
(63.3)
12.0
(53.6)
8.0
(46.4)
17.4
(63.3)
Record low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5)
0.6
(33.1)
3.5
(38.3)
9.0
(48.2)
14.5
(58.1)
18.0
(64.4)
16.0
(60.8)
18.4
(65.1)
16.0
(60.8)
9.4
(48.9)
3.0
(37.4)
−0.4
(31.3)
−0.4
(31.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.7
(1.05)
24.8
(0.98)
17.8
(0.70)
8.4
(0.33)
24.2
(0.95)
65.7
(2.59)
171.8
(6.76)
157.5
(6.20)
115.9
(4.56)
3.5
(0.14)
1.9
(0.07)
9.0
(0.35)
627.1
(24.69)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.6 3.9 7.9 7.8 4.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 33.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 64 58 51 31 33 44 67 73 68 54 53 60 55
Source: India Meteorological Department

Demographics

The population of the city as of 2011, is 357,334

Houses During Diwali in Karnal
Religion in Karnal City
Religion Population
(1911): 20 
Percentage
(1911)
Population
(1941): 30 
Percentage
(1941)
Hinduism 12,772 58.16% 20,462 54.65%
Islam 8,667 39.47% 15,844 42.31%
Sikhism 13000 0.59% 647 1.73%
Christianity 210 0.96% 125 0.33%
Others 182 0.83% 366 0.98%
Total Population 21,961 100% 37,444 100%

Politics

The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and Manohar Lal Khattar is the MLA from Karnal constituency.

Sanjay Bhatia is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency.

Facilities

Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019.

Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission.

Education

Notable people


This page was last updated at 2024-01-27 05:18 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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