List of ochotonids

American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Ochotonidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called an ochotonid, or colloquially a pika. They are widespread throughout Asia and western North America, and are generally found in grassland, shrubland, and rocky biomes. Pikas are all roughly the same shape and size, with no tails, ranging from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 29 cm (11 in) long Northern pika. No species have population estimates and many are not yet evaluated for conservation status, though the Helan Shan pika, Hoffmann's pika, Ili pika, and Koslov's pika are considered endangered.

The 34 extant species of Ochotonidae are contained within a single genus, Ochotona, though that genus is sometimes split into four subgenera: Alienauroa; Conothoa, or mountain pikas; Ochotona, or shrub-steppe pikas; and Pika, or northern pikas. Several extinct Ochotonidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (4 species)
 VU Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT Near threatened (0 species)
 LC Least concern (24 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (5 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bovid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "Extinct".

Classification

The family Ochotonidae consists of 34 extant species in 1 genus which are divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Ochotonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Genus Ochotona (Link, 1795) – 34 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Afghan pika

Drawing of brown pika

O. rufescens
Gray, 1842

Three subspecies
  • O. r. regina
  • O. r. rufescens
  • O. r. shukurovoi
Central Asia
Size: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert

Diet: Herbs and shrubs
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Alpine pika

Brown and gray pika

O. alpina
Pallas, 1773

Four subspecies
  • O. a. alpina
  • O. a. changaica
  • O. a. cinereofusca
  • O. a. sushkini
Northeastern Asia
Size: 15–26 cm (6–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

American pika

Brown and gray pika

O. princeps
Richardson, 1828

Five subspecies
  • O. p. figginsi
  • O. p. princeps
  • O. p. saxatilis
  • O. p. schisticeps
  • O. p. taylori
Western North America
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Sedges, grass, forbs, and shrubs
 LC 


Unknown Population declining

Chinese red pika

Drawing of brown and gray pikas

O. erythrotis
Büchner, 1890
Central China
Size: 18–19 cm (7–7 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Collared pika

Gray pika

O. collaris
Nelson, 1893
Northwestern North America
Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants, as well as bird brains
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Daurian pika

Drawing of brown pika

O. dauurica
Pallas, 1776

Four subspecies
  • O. d. annectens
  • O. d. bedfordi
  • O. d. dauurica
  • O. d. mursavi
Northeastern Asia
Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Shrubs, grass, legumes, and flowers
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Flat-headed pika O. flatcalvariam
Liu, Jin et al., 2017
Central China Size: Less than 18 cm (7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Forrest's pika O. forresti
Thomas, 1923
Southeastern Asia
Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Gansu pika

Drawing of brown pikas

O. cansus
Lyon, 1907

Four subspecies
  • O. c. cansus
  • O. c. morosa
  • O. c. sorella
  • O. c. stevensi
Central China
Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Shrubs and other plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Glover's pika O. gloveri
Thomas, 1922

Three subspecies
  • O. g. brookei
  • O. g. calloceps
  • O. g. gloveri
Central China
Size: 16–25 cm (6–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Forbs, sedge, and grass
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Helan Shan pika O. argentata
Howell, 1928
Central China
Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 EN 


Unknown Population declining

Hoffmann's pika O. hoffmanni
Formozov, Yakhontov, Dmitriev, 1996
Northern Mongolia
Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 EN 


Unknown Unknown

Ili pika O. iliensis
Li, Ma, 1986
Western China
Size: 20–21 cm (8–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Herbs and shrubs
 EN 


Unknown Population declining

Kazakh pika O. opaca
Argiropulo, 1930
Central Asia Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas

Diet: Shrubs, herbs, and grass
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Korean pika O. coreana
Allen, Andrews, 1913
North Korea and southeastern China Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen
 DD 


Unknown Unknown

Koslov's pika

Drawing of brown pika

O. koslowi
Büchner, 1894
Western China
Size: 22–24 cm (9–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Sedges and other plants
 EN 


Unknown Population declining

Ladak pika

Brown pika

O. ladacensis
Günther, 1875
Western China and northern India and Pakistan
Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Shrubs, flowers, and roots
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Large-eared pika

Brown pika

O. macrotis
Günther, 1875

Five subspecies
  • O. m. auritus
  • O. m. chinensis
  • O. m. macrotis
  • O. m. sacana
  • O. m. wollastoni
Central Asia and central China
Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Grass, legumes, sedges, herbs, berries, twigs, moss, and lichen
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Manchurian pika O. mantchurica
Thomas, 1909
Northeastern China Size: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Moupin pika O. thibetana
Milne-Edwards, 1871

Three subspecies
  • O. t. nangqenica
  • O. t. osgoodi
  • O. t. thibetana
Central China
Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Northern pika

Brown pika

O. hyperborea
Pallas, 1811

Seven subspecies
  • O. h. cinereoflava
  • O. h. ferruginea
  • O. h. hyperborea
  • O. h. normalis
  • O. h. uralensis
  • O. h. yesoensis
  • O. h. yoshikurai
Northeastern Asia
Size: 13–29 cm (5–11 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Nubra pika O. nubrica
Thomas, 1922

Two subspecies
  • O. n. lhasaensis
  • O. n. nubrica
South Asia
Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Pallas's pika

Brown pika

O. pallasi
Gray, 1867

Four subspecies
  • O. p. hamica
  • O. p. pallasi
  • O. p. pricei
  • O. p. sunidica
Central and Eastern Asia
Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas

Diet: Grass and herbs
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Plateau pika

Brown pikas

O. curzoniae
Hodgson, 1858
Western China and Northern India
Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and desert

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Population declining

Qionglai pika O. qionglaiensis
Liu, Jin et al., 2017
Central China Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Royle's pika

Brown pika

O. roylei
Ogilby, 1839

Two subspecies
  • O. r. himalayana (Himalayan pika)
  • O. r. nepalensis
  • O. r. roylei
  • O. r. wardi
Western China and Northern India Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Forbs, as well as other plants
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Sacred pika O. sacraria
Thomas, 1923
Mount Emei in China Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Sikkim pika

Brown pika

O. sikimaria
Thomas, 1922
Northeastern India Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 NE 


Unknown Unknown

Steppe pika

Black and white drawing of a pika

O. pusilla
Pallas, 1769

Two subspecies
  • O. p. angustifrons
  • O. p. pusilla
Central Asia
Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Grass and above-ground vegetation
 LC 


Unknown Population declining

Thomas's pika O. thomasi
Argiropulo, 1948
Central China
Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Tsing-ling pika O. syrinx
Matschie, 1908
Central China
Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Turkestan red pika

Brown pika with plants in its mouth

O. rutila
Sévertsov, 1873
Central Asia
Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Grass and other plants
 LC 


Unknown Population steady

Turuchan pika

Brown and gray pika

O. turuchanensis
Naumov, 1934
Central Russia
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants
 LC 


Unknown Unknown

Yellow pika O. huanglongensis
Liu, Jin et al., 2017
Central China Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants
 NE 


Unknown Unknown


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