List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900)

State leaders in 1889
Lists of state leaders by century:
See also:
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Timelines:
State leaders:
Decades:
Categories: BirthsDeaths
EstablishmentsDisestablishments

This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 19th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

  • Kambolo ka Ngonga, King (1851–1856)
  • Kamweje ka Kalunga, King (1856–1857)
  • Mbumba a Kinguri, King (1857–1873)
  • Malenge a Kitumba, King (1873)
  • Kwango, King (1883–1885)
  • Kasanje ka Kalanyi, King (1888)
  • Kinguri kya Kiluanje, King (1896)
vassal to Portugal: 1888–1914
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

  • Achirimbi I , King (1799–1852)
  • Abumbi I, King (1852–1916)
  • Ngouhouo, Mfon (1818–1865)
  • Ngoungoure, Mfon (1865)
  • Nsangou, Mfon (1865–1884)
  • Doo a Priso, Chief (19th century)
  • Mbape a Bele, Chief (19th century)
German colony, 1884–1916
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

Central African Republic

Chad

  • ‘Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)
  • Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1858–1870)
  • ‘Abd ar-Rahman II, Mbangi (1870–1871)
  • Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1871–1884)
  • Burkomanda IV as-Saghir, Mbangi (1884–1885)
  • Ngarmane Ermanala, Regent (1885)
  • Gaourang II, Mbangi (1885–1897)
  • ‘Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)
  • 'Ali ibn Muhammad, Kolak (1858–1874)
  • Yusuf ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1874–1898)
  • Ibrahim ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1898–1900)
  • Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1900–1901)
  • rule of Rabih az-Zubayr
Colony, 1900–1960
For details see France under western Europe

Congo: Belgian; today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)
  • Mikope Mobinji, Nyim (1885–1890)
  • KotoMboke, Nyim (1890–1896)
  • Mishanga Pelenge, Nyim (1896–1900)
  • Ilunga Kabale, muLopwe (1837–1864)
  • Maloba Konkola, muLopwe (1864–1865)
  • Kitamba, muLopwe (1865–1869)
  • Kasongo a Kalombo, muLopwe (1869–1886)
  • Nday a Mande, muLopwe (1886–1889)
  • Nawej II Ditend, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)
  • Mulaj a Namwan, Mwaant Yaav (1852–1857)
  • Cakasekene Naweej, Mwaant Yaav (1857)
  • Muteba II a Cikombe, Mwaant Yaav (1857–1873)
  • Mbala II a Kamong Isot, Mwaant Yaav (1873–1874)
  • Mbumb I Muteba Kat, Mwaant Yaav (1874–1883)
  • Cimbindu a Kasang, Mwaant Yaav (1883–1884)
  • Kangapu Nawej, Mwaant Yaav (1884–1885)
  • Mudib, Mwaant Yaav (1885–1886)
  • Mutand Mukaz, Mwaant Yaav (1886–1887)
  • Mbala III a Kalong, Mwaant Yaav (1887)
  • Msiri, King (1856–1891)
  • Sovereign –

Congo: French; today, the Republic of the Congo

  • Illoy Ier [fr], Makoko (?–c.1880)
  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou, King (1840-c.1883)
Colony, 1882–1910
For details see France under western Europe

Equatorial Guinea

Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

  • Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" / King Pascal, Agamwinboni (1840–1862)
  • Ndebulia, Agamwinboni (1862–1865
  • Ntchènguè, Agamwinboni (1865–1882
  • Avonowanga, Agamwinboni (1882–?)
French Colony, 1882–1910
For details see France under western Europe

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi
Kenya
British protectorate, 1895–1920
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Nabahani dynasty
  • Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1840–1856)
  • Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti, Mfalume (1856–1858)
unnamed dynasty
  • Shaykh Muhammad, Mfalume (1858–1870)
  • Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1858–1888)
  • Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1888–1890)
  • Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1890–1891)
  • Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1891–1893,1895–1923)
Rwanda
South Sudan
Tanzania
Colony, 1885–1919
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
  • Ifundikila, King (1840–1858)
  • Mnywasela, King (c.1858–1860)
  • Mkasiwa, King (1860–1875)
  • Isike, King (1875–?)
Uganda
  • Mutambuka, Omugabe (1839–1873)
  • Ntare V Rugingiza, Omugabe (1873–1895)
  • Kahaya II, Omugabe (1895–1944)
British protectorate, 1894–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti
Colony, 1896–1946
For details see France under western Europe
Eritrea
Colony, 1890–1936
For details see Italy under southcentral Europe
Ethiopia
  • Hanfere ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1832–1862)
  • Mahammad ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (1862–1902)
  • Ogata, Tato (1845–1865)
  • Dagoye, Tato (1865–1883)
  • Abba Rago I, Moti(c.1845–c.1860)
  • Abba Magal, Moti (c.1860–1870)
  • Abba Rago II, Moti (c.1870)
  • Genne Fa, Queen (c.1880)
  • Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)
  • Abba Dula, Moti (?–1864)
  • Abba Jifar, Moti (late 19th century)
  • Abba Boka, Moti (?–1886)
  • Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)
  • Abba Dula, Moti (1854–1879)
  • Abba Jubir, Moti (June 1879–c.1890)
  • Abba Fogi, Moti (c.1890–1899)
  • Firisa, Moti (1899–1902)
  • Abba Bagibo, Koynab (?–1894)
  • Gawi Nechocho or Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)
  • Kaye Sherocho or Kamo, King (1854–1870)
  • Gali Sherocho, King (1870–1890)
  • Gaki Sherocho, King (1890–1897)
  • Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)
  • Abba Bulgu, Supera (1861–1883)
  • Abba Gomoli II, Supera (1883–1891)
  • Gobe, Kawa (1845–1886)
  • Gaga, Kawa (1886–c.1890)
  • Tona, Kawa (1890–1895)
Somalia
  • Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)
  • Osman Mahamuud, King (1860–c.1924)
  • Garaad Aul, Sultan (1830–1870)
  • Garaad Ali Shire, Sultan (1870–1897)
Colony, 1890–1936
For details see Italy under southcentral Europe
Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Indian Ocean

Comoros
  • Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1865–1874)
  • Djoumbé Fatima, Regent (1865–1868)
  • Joseph Lambert, Duc d'Imerina, Regent (1868–1871)
  • Djoumbé Fatima, Regent (1871–1878)
  • Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1878–1885)
  • Mohammed Shekhe, Sultan (1885–1886)
  • Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe, Sultan (1886–1888)
  • Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)
  • Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma, Abudu Tsivandini, Regents (1888–1889)
  • Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, Regent (1889–1897)
  • Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)
  • Salim bin Alawi, Sultan (1837–1852)
  • Saidi Abdallah bin Salim, Sultan (1852–1891)
  • Salim bin Abdalla, Sultan (1891–1891)
  • Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan, Sultan (1891–1892)
  • Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar, Sultan (1892–1912)
French protectorate, 1887–1908
For details see France under western Europe
Madagascar
French protectorate, 1882–1897
Colony, 1897–1958
For details see France under western Europe
Mauritius
Colony, 1810–1968
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Seychelles
Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

Tunisia

Protectorate, 1881–1956
For details see France under western Europe

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

  • Muhammad al-Husayn, Sultan (1838–1873)
  • Ibrahim, Sultan (1873–1874)
  • Ali Dinar, Sultan (1898–1916)
  • Nasir, Mukūk (1843–c.1860)
  • Adam I, Mukūk (c.1860–1884)
Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956
For details see the United Kingdom and Egypt

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

French Départements, 1830–1962
For details see France under western Europe

Morocco and Western Sahara

Overseas territory, 1884–1975
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Africa: South

Botswana

British protectorate, 1885–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Eswatini/ Swaziland

Lesotho

Kingdom, 1822–1884
British colony, 1884–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Malawi

British protectorate, 1893–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mozambique

  • Hasani Usufu, Sultan (1849–1861)
  • Musa Mohammad Sahib Quanto, Sultan (?–1879)
  • Umar Farelay (also known as Mahamuieva), Sultan (c.1890–1910)
Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

  • Shimwemwe (1785–1805)
Colony, 1884–1915
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

South Africa

  • Jobe kaKhayi, Chief (?–1806)
  • Dingiswayo, Chief (1806–1817)
  • Lucas Johannes Meijer, President (1884–1888)
British colony, 1795–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1843–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1877–1881, 1902–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Zambia

  • Sebetwane, Morêna (1838–1851)
  • Mamochisane, Morêna (1851)
  • Sekeletu, Morêna (1851–1863)
  • Mambili, Morêna (1863)
  • Liswaniso, Morêna in rebellion (1863)
  • Mbololo, Morêna (1863–1864)
  • Sipopa Lutangu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1864–1876)
  • Mowa Mamili, Regent (1876)
  • Mwanawina II, Mbumu wa Litunga (1876–1878)
  • Lubosi I, Mbumu wa Litunga (1878–1884)
  • Akufuna Tatila, Mbumu wa Litunga (1884–1885)
  • Sikufele (in rebellion) (1885)
  • Lubosi I, Mbumu wa Litunga (1885–1916)
  • Kapumba Mwongo Mfwama, Mwata (1850–1854)
  • Chinyanta Munona, Mwata (1854–1862)
  • Mwonga Nsemba, Mwata (1862–1870)
  • Chinkonkole Kafuti, Mwata (1870–1872)
  • Lukwesa Mpanga, Mwata (1872–1883, 1885–1886)
  • Kanyembo Ntemena, Mwata (1883–1885, 1886–1904)

Zimbabwe

Company rule, 1890–1924
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Changamire Tohwechipi Zharare, King (1831–1866)

Africa: West

Benin

  • Hanto Tona, King (1846–1858)
  • Soji Komin Agidi, King (1858–1873)
  • Atanle, King (1873–1889)
  • Ahrlonko Butiyi, King (1889–1894)
  • Kwasihela Diogo, King (1894–1895)
State annexed by France (1895)
  • Adolo, Oba (1848–1897)
See also Ovonramwen
French protectorate, 1894–1900
  • Sodji, Ahosu (1848–1864)
  • Mikpon, Ahosu (1864–1872)
  • Messi, Ahosu (1872–1874)
  • Toffa I, Ahosu (1874–1908)
  • Ajibolu, Oba of Ketu (1795–1816)

Burkina Faso

  • Lansongi, King (?)
  • Yencirima, King (?)
  • Yenahmma, King (?–1878)
  • Yenkuaga, King (c.1878–1917)
Buricimba Dynasty
  • Labidiedo, Bilanbedo (?–1881)
  • Haminari, Bilanbedo (1881–1883)
  • Yendabri, Bilanbedo (1883–1887)
  • Yaaparigu, Bilanbedo (1887–1919)
  • Yempaabu, ruler (1890s–?)
  • Yembuado, ruler (?)
  • Bantia, ruler (19th century)
  • Yenkpaari, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1897)
  • Yentema, ruler (1897–1899)
  • Hampandi, ruler (1899–1923)
  • Bandigoo, ruler (19th century)
  • Wurbendi, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembuado, ruler (19th century)
  • Baalisongi, ruler (19th century)
  • Yenkoari, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1889)
  • Yensombu, ruler (1889–1892)
  • Baahamma, ruler (1892–1905)
  • Alfa Hano, ruler (c.1870–c.1874)
  • Gazari, ruler (c.1874–1883)
  • Babatu, ruler (1883–1899)
  • Builsa Hamaria, ruler (1894–1897)
  • Bako Moru Wattara, ruler (1839–1851)
  • Laganfyela Moru, ruler (1851–1854)
  • Ali Dyan, ruler (1854–1878)
  • Kokoroko Dyan, ruler (1878–1885)
  • Sabana, ruler (1885–1892)
  • Tyeba Wattara Nyandane, ruler (1892–1897)
  • Pintyeba Wattara, ruler (1897–1909)
  • Brahima Sori bi Hama, Almami (1832–1861)
  • Seku bi Salifu, Almami (1861–1887)
  • Bubakar Amadu bi Isa, Almami (1887–1890)
  • Bubakar bi Sori, Almami (1890–1891)
  • Brahima Usman, Almami (1891–1915)
  • Yembrima, Boopo (19th century)
  • Baahamma, Boopo (late 19th century)
  • Yempaabu, Boopo (late 19th century)
  • Labidiedo, Boopo (late 19th century–1887)
  • Tintuoriba Adama, Boopo (1887–1896)
  • Hampanli, Boopo (1896–1897)
  • Huntani, Boopo (1897–1902)
  • Yempabu, Nunbado (1846–1856)
  • Yempadigu, Nunbado (1856–1883)
  • Yentuguri, Nunbado (1883–1892)
  • Bancandi, Nunbado (1892–1911)
  • Yenkpaari, Pielabedo (1844–1851)
  • Yencaari, Pielabedo (1851–1856)
  • Yentandi, Pielabedo (1856–1901)
  • Sapilem, Naaba (19th century)
  • Nyambre, Naaba (19th century)
  • Salma, Naaba (19th century)
  • Korongo, Naaba (1894)
  • Naaba Kutu I, Moogo-naaba (1850–1871)
  • Naaba Sanum, Moogo-naaba (1871–1889)
  • Naaba Wobgo, Moogo-naaba (1889–1897)
  • Naaba Mazi, Moogo-naaba (1896–1896)
  • Naaba Sigiri, Moogo-naaba (1897–1905)
  • Rima Naaba Yemde, Yatenga naaba (1850–1877)
  • Naaba Sanum, Yatenga naaba (1877–1879)
  • Rima Naaba Woboga, Yatenga naaba (1879–1884)
  • Naaba Piiyo II, Yatenga naaba (1884–1885)
  • Rima Naaba Baongo, Yatenga naaba (1885–1895)
  • Naaba Bulli, Yatenga naaba (1895–1899)
  • Sidiyete Wedraogo, ruler (1895–1896)
  • Naaba Ligidi, Yatenga naaba (1899–1902)

Cape Verde

Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Suling Jatta, King (pre-1840–1855)
  • Tomani Bojang, King (?–1875)

Ghana

  • Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
  • Kofi Karikari, Asantehene (1867–1874)
  • Kwabena Dwomo, Regent (1874)
  • Mensa Bonsu, Asantehene (1874–1883)
  • Civil War period, (1883–1888)
  • Kwaku Dua II, Asantehene (1884)
  • Owusu Kofi, Interim Council Chairman (1884)
  • Akyampon Panyin, Interim Council Chairman (1884–1887)
  • Owusu Sekyere II, Regent (1887–1888)
  • Prempeh I, Asantehene (1888–1902)
British colony, 1821–1957
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guinea

  • Ibrahima Sori Dongolfella, Almami (?–1890)
  • Bokar Biro's elder brother, Almami (1890–?)
  • Bokar Biro, Almami (?–1892)
  • Amadu, Almami (1892–1894)
  • Bokar Biro, Almami (1894–1896)
Colony, 1894–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Guinea-Bissau

  • Janke Waali, ruler (1867)
Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

  • Kwadwo Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1850–1895)
Colony, 1893–1960
For details see France under western Europe

Liberia

Mali

  • Mamady Kandian, Fama (?–1854)
  • Almany Niamody, Fama (?–1878)
Colony, 1880–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Mauritania

Niger

  • Ibrahim, Sultan (1843–1851)
  • Koïzé Babba, Askiya (1845–1864)
  • Koïzé Babba Baki, Askiya (1864–1865)
  • Ouankoÿ, Askiya (1865–1868)
  • Biyo Birma, Askiya (1868–1882)
  • Doauda, Askiya (1882–1887)
  • Malla, Askiya (1887–1901)
  • Zarmakoy Kassam/Kossom Baboukabiya, King (1856–1865)
  • Zarmakoy Abdou Kyantou Baba, King (1865–1890)
  • Zarmakoy Alfa Atta, King (1890–1897)
  • Zarmakoy Attikou, King (1897–1902)
  • Hanno, Emir (?)
  • Gazari, Emir (?–1878)
  • Babatu, Warlord (1878–?)

Nigeria

  • Hamidu bi Adama, Regent (1847–?)
  • Muhammadu Lawal, Baban-Lamido (1847–1872)
  • Umaru Sanda, Baban-Lamido (1872–1890)
  • Zubayru bi Adama, Baban-Lamido (1890–1901)
  • Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika, King (1849–1852)
  • Ededem Effiom II, King (1852–1858)
  • Eyo Asibong II, King (1859–1872)
  • Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII, King (1872–1879)
  • Orok Edem Eyamba IX, King (1880–1896)
  • Eyo Etinyin, King (c.1896–c.1903)
  • Opubo Annie Pepple the Great, King (1792–1828)
  • Adumtaye-Bereibibo Adapa Bristol-Alagbariya, King (1828–1830)
  • William Dappa Pepple I, King (1830–1854, 1861–1866)
  • Dapu Fubara II Pepple, King (1854–1855)
  • Regency (1855–1861)
under British protectorate from 1886–1914[citation needed]
  • Shomoye, Regent (1845–1846, 1862–1868)
  • Okukenu, Regent (1846–1854), Alake (1854–1862)
  • Ademola I, Alake (1869–1877)
  • Oyekan, Alake (1879–1881)
  • Oluwajin, Alake (1885–1889)
  • Oshokalu, Alake (1891–1898)
  • Gbadebo I, Alake (1898–1920)
  • Ladapo Samuel Ademola II, Alake (1872–1962), in exile (1948–1950), ruler (1920–1962)
  • Usman I Maje Ringim dan Dabo, Emir (1846–1855)
  • Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo, Emir (1855–1883)
  • Muhammadu Bello dan Dabo, Emir (1883–1893)
  • Mohammed Tukur, Emir (1893–1894)
  • Aliyu Babba, Emir (1894–1903)
  • Grand Viziers
  • Ahmadu Mai Shahada, Grand Vizier (1889–1903)
  • Shita dan Salih Alimi, Emir (1842–1860)
  • Zubayro dan Abdusalami, Emir (1860–1868)
  • Shita Aliyu dan Shittu, Emir (1868–1891)
  • Moma dan Zubayru, Emir (1891–1896)
  • Sulaymanu dan Aliyu, Emir (1896–1914)
  • Kosoko, Oba (1845–1851)
  • Dosunmu, Oba (1853–1862, becomes Lagos Colony)
  • Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1795–1886)
  • Òbalíke, Eze Nri (1889–1911)
  • Usuman Zaki dan Malam Dendo, Etsu (1856–1859)
  • Masaba dan Malam Dendo, Etsu (1859–1873)
  • Umaru Majigi dan Muhamman Majigi, Etsu (1873–1884)
  • Maliki dan Usman Zaki, Etsu (1884–1895)
  • Abu Bakr dan Masaba, Etsu (1895–1897, 1899–1901)
  • Muhammadu dan Umaru Majigi, Etsu (1897–1899)
  • Jaja), ruler (1870–1887)
  • Perekule, chairman Council of Chiefs (1887–1891)
  • Cookey Gam, political agent (1891–1893)
  • Obiesigha Jaja II (Frederick Sunday), King (1893–1915)
  • Atiba Atobatele, Alaafin (1837–1859)
  • Adelu, Alaafin (1859–1875)
  • Adeyemi I Alowolodu, Alaafin (1876–1888), Oba (1888–1896)
vassal to the United Kingdom: 1888–1896
  • Muhammadu al-Bukhari, Grand Vizier (1890–1903)
  • Jatau "Abu Ja", Emir (1825–1851)
  • Abu Kwaka "Dogon Sarki", Emir (1851–1877)
  • Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari", Emir (1877–1902)
  • Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850)
  • Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871)
  • Abd Allahi Gallo dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1871–1888)
  • Abd Allahi Abarshi dan `Ali dan Yerima, Emir (1888–1904)
British protectorate, 1884–1893/ 1893–1900
British colony, 1821–1957
British protectorate, 1900–1914
British protectorate, 1900–1914
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Senegal

  • Tanor Ngone Jeng, Teigne (1890–1894)
  • Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855)
  • Birima Ngone Latir Fal, Damel (1855–1860)
  • Ma-Kodu Kumba Yande Fal, Damel (1860–1861)
  • Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1861)
  • Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1862–1864)
  • Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1864–1868)
  • Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1871–1882)
  • Amari Ngone Fal, Damel (1883)
  • Samba Laobe Fal, Damel (1883–1886)
  • unknown Almaami (1804–1859)
Vassal of the Toucouleur Empire, 1861–1877
  • Mustafa, Almaami (1859–1868)
  • Ahmadu Sego, Almaami (1868–1875)
  • Abdul Bu Bakar, Almaami (1875–1877)
  • Birayamb Ma-Dyigen, Buur-ba (1850–1855)
  • al-Buri Peya, Buur-ba (1855–1856)
  • Bakan-Tam Yaago, Buur-ba (1856–1858)
  • Taanor, Buur-ba (1858–1863)
  • Bakan-Tam Khaari, Buur-ba (1863–1871)
  • Amadu Seeku, Buur-ba (1871–1875)
  • Alboury Ndiaye, Buur-ba (1875–1890)
  • Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (or Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825–1853)
  • Bala Adam Njie, Maad Saloum (1853–1856)
  • Kumba N'Dama Mbodj, Maad Saloum (1856–1859)
  • Samba Laobe Latsouka Fall), Maad Saloum (1859–1864)
Federation of colonies, 1895–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Sierra Leone

  • Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859)
  • Kanta, Bai (1859–1872)
British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Togo

Protectorate, 1884–1916
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

Americas

Americas: Caribbean

Antigua

British colony, 1632–1981
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

The Bahamas

British colony, 1648–1973
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Barbados

British colony, 1625–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Cuba

Spanish Colony, 1607–1898
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Dominica

British Colony, 1763–1978
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

British Colony, 1763–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Dominican Republic

  • José Antonio Hungría, Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez, José Ramón Luciano y Franco, Junta of Generals (1868)
  • Pedro Tomás Garrido, José de Jesús de Castro, Pedro Pablo de Bonilla, Juan Bautista Zafra, Pablo López Villanueva, Jacinto Peynado, Council of Secretaries of State (1876)
  • Pablo López Villanueva, José Caminero Matías, Juan Esteban Ariza Matos, Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta, José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez, Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda, Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos, Superior Governing Junta (1876)
  • Cesáreo Guillermo, Alejandro Angulo Guridi, Pedro Maria Aristy, Council of Secretaries of State (1878–1879)
  • Tomás Demetrio Morales, Arístides Patiño, Enrique Henríquez y Alfau, Jaime R. Vidal, Braulio Álvarez, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)
  • Mariano Cestero, Álvaro Logroño, Arístides Patiño, Pedro María Mejía, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)

Haiti

Netherlands

Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Saint Kitts and Nevis

British colony, 1882–1983
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Saint Lucia

British colony, 1802–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Trinidad and Tobago

British colony, 1797–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Americas: Central

Belize

British colony, 1749–1862
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1862–1981
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Costa Rica

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Americas: North

Canada

British colony, 1610–1907
British colony, 1841–1867
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mexico

United States

Americas: South

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

  • Luis Gálvez Rodrígues de Arias [pt], President (1899–1900, 1900)
  • Antônio de Sousa Braga [pt], President (1900)
  • Joaquim Vítor da Silva [pt], President (1900)

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

Guyana

British colony, 1814–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Paraguay

Peru

Suriname

Dutch colony 1667–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Uruguay

Venezuela

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

Tibet

Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

  • Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1845–1858)
  • Muhammad Mallya Beg, Khan (1858–1862)
  • Shah Murad, Khan (1862)
  • Muhammad Khudayar Khan (1862–1865)
  • Muhammad Sultan, Khan (1863–1865)
  • Bil Bahchi, Khan (1865)
  • Muhammad Sultah, Khan (1865–1866)
  • Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1866–1875)
  • Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karin, Khan (1875)
  • Muhammad Pulad Beg, Khan (1875–1875)
  • Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karim, Khan (1875–1883)
  • Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Khan (1846–1855)
  • Abdullah, Khan (1855)
  • Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur, Khan (1855–1856)
  • Mahmud, Khan (1856)
  • Sayyid Muhammad, Khan (1856–1864)
  • Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan (1864–1910)
Russian protectorate, 1873–1917
Russian Krai, 1867–1918
For details see the Russian Empire under Eastern Europe

Asia: East

China: Mainland

China: Taiwan

Japan

  • Kōmei, Emperor (1846–1867)
  • Meiji, Emperor (1867–1912)
  • Meiji, Emperor (1867–1912)
Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872
Vassal state of the Empire of Japan, 1872–1879

Korea

  • Gojong, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)
  • Gojong, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

British protectorate, 1888–1984

Cambodia

Protectorate, 1863–1984, part of French Indochina 1887–1953

Indonesia

Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Indonesia: Java
  • Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)
  • Cakraningrat IX, Sultan (1847–1862)
  • Cakraningrat X, Sultan (1862–1882)
  • Cakraningrat XI, Sultan (1882–1885)
  • Paku Nataningrat, Sultan (1811–1854)
  • Natakusuma, Sultan (1854–1879)
  • Pangeran Pakunataningrat, Regent (1883–1901)
  • Pangeran Aria Suriokusumo, Sultan (1842–1853)
  • Mangkunegara III, Sultan (1835–1853)
  • Mangkunegara IV, Sultan (1853–1881)
  • Mangkunegara V, Sultan (1881–1896)
  • Mangkunegara VI, Sultan (1896–1916)
  • Pangeran Adipati Natapraja, Sultan (1831–1853)
  • Pakualam II, Sultan (1829–1858)
  • Pakualam III, Sultan (1858–1864)
  • Pakualam IV, Sultan (1864–1878)
  • Pakualam V, Sultan (1878–1900)
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Ali, Sultan (1835–1855)
  • Amaluddin Mangendar, Sultan (1805–1850)
  • Osman Perkasa Alam Shah, Sultan (1850–1858)
  • Mahmud Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, Sultan (1858–1873)
  • Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah, Sultan (1873–1924)
  • Haji Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1840–1893)
  • Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rakhmat Shah, Sultan (1893–1927)
  • al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, Sultan (1815–1854)
  • al-Sayyid al-Sharif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I, Sultan (Syarif Qasim I, 1864–1889)
  • al-Sayyid al-Sharif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1889–1908)
  • Al-Marhum Besar, Sultan (1822–1851)
  • Al-Marhum Kota Batu, Sultan (1851–1879)
  • Al-Marhum Perbaungan, Sultan (1879–1946)[citation needed]
  • Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1842–1858)
  • Sulaiman II Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1858–1883)
  • Abdul Rahman II Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1883–1911)
  • Ali bin Raja Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1844–1857)
  • Haji Abdullah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1857–1858)
  • Muhammad Yusuf, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1858–1899)
  • Jambi Sultanate
    Abdul Rahman Nazaruddin, Sultan (1841–1855)
    Thaha Safiuddin, Sultan (1855–1858, 1900–1904)
    Ahmad Nazaruddin, Sultan (1858–1881)
    Muhammad Muhieddin, Sultan (1881–1885)
    Ahmad Zainul Abidin, Sultan (1885–1899)
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
  • Adam Al-Watsiq Billah, Sultan (1825–1857)
  • Tamjidullah II al-Watsiqu Billah, Sultan (1857–1859)
  • Hidayatullah II, Sultan (1859–1860)
  • Muhammad Alimuddin Amirul Muminin Kahharuddin I, Sultan (1817–1861, 1866–1873)
  • Muhammad Jalaluddin, Sultan (1861–1866)
  • Muhammad Khalifatul Adil, Sultan (1873–1875)
  • Muhammad Kahharuddin II, Sultan (1875–1889)
  • Azimuddin, Sultan (1889–1899)
  • Pengian Kesuma, Queen (1899–1901)
  • Liu Asheng, President (1848–1876)
  • Syarif Osman Alkadrie, Sultan (1819–1855)
  • Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, Sultan (1855–1872)
  • Syarif Yusuf Alkadrie, Sultan (1872–1895)
  • Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie, Sultan (1895–1944)
  • Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1846–1854)
  • Umar Kamal ud-din, Sultan (1854–1866)
  • Muhammad Shafi ud-din II, Sultan (1866–1924)
  • Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851)
  • Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Jamal ud-din II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Qamar ud-din Sultan (1851–1855)
  • Panembahan Kusuma Negara I, Panembahan (1855–1889)
  • Panembahan Kusuma Negara II, Panembahan (1889–1905)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
  • Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid, Sultan (1826–1893)
  • Idris, Sultan (1893–1895)
  • Husain, Sultan (1895–1906)
  • La Oddang Pero, Datu (1825–1854)
  • Patipatau, Datu (1854–1880)
  • We Addi Luwu, Datu (1880–1883)
  • Iskandar Opu Daeng Pali’, Datu (1883–1901)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
  • Lorenzo II, Raja (c.1886–1904)
  • Ismail Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1817–1854)
  • Abdullah, Sultan (1854–1868)
  • Abdul Aziz, Sultan (1868–1881)
  • Ibrahim, Sultan (1881–1915)
Indonesia: West Timor
  • Loit Banu Naek, Raja (?–c.1899)
  • Muti Banu Naek, Raja (c.1899–1915)
  • Koroh Kefi, Raja (pre-1832–1853)
  • Obe Koroh, Raja (1853–1871)
  • Rasi Koroh, Raja (1872–1887, 1892–1914)
  • Taku Obe, Raja (1888–1891)
  • Osu II, Raja (1834–1859)
  • Mano, Raja (1859–1883)
  • Lelo, Raja (1884–1894)
  • Kusa, Raja (1895–1901)
  • Nai Sobe Sonbai II, Emperor (1808–1867))
  • Nai Bau Sonbai, Emperor (1867–c.1885)
  • Nai Nasu Mollo, co-Emperor (1870–1885)
  • Nai Sobe Sonbai III, Emperor (1885–1906)
  • Meis Babkas Nisnoni, Raja (1839–1860)
  • Pieter Messi Nisnoni, Raja (1860–1874)
  • Isu Nisnoni, Raja (1875–1889)
  • Said Meis Nisnoni, Raja (1890–1902)
  • Baki, Raja (c.1824–1862)
  • Sanu, Raja (1862–c.1870)
  • Bil Nope, Raja (c.1870–1910)
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
Dutch protectorate, 1667–1942
  • Muhammad Hayatuddin Kornabé, Sultan (1826–1861)
  • Muhammad Sadik, Sultan (1862–1889)
  • Muhammad Usman, Sultan (1900–1935)
  • Dano Baba Hasan, Sultan (1875–1878)
Dutch protectorate, 1657–1905
  • Al-Mansur Sirajuddin, Sultan (1822–1856)
  • Ahmad Saifuddin Alting, Sultan (1856–1865)
  • Said Ahmad Fathuddin Syah, Sultan (1867–1892)
  • Iskandar Sahajuhan, Sultan (1893–1905)
Dutch protectorate, 1683–1915
  • Muhammad Zain, Sultan (1823–1859)
  • Muhammad Arsyad, Sultan (1859–1876)
  • Ayanhar, Sultan (1879–1900)
  • Muhammad Ilham/ Kolano Ara Rimoi, Sultan (1900–1902)

Laos

  • Po, King (1848–1865), vassal to Siam and Vietnam
  • Ung, King (1866–1876)
  • Khanti, King (1876–1880), vassal to Siam
  • Kham Ngon, King (1880–1899)
  • Soukhaseum, King (1838–1851)
  • Chantharath, King (1851–1870)
  • Oun Kham, King (1865–1893), King under Protectorate (1893–1895)
Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia
  • Muhammad II, Sultan (1835–1886)
  • Ahmad, Sultan (1886–1890)
  • Muhammad III Ibni Sultan Ahmad, Sultan (1890–1891)
  • Mansur Ibni Sultan Ahmad, Sultan (1891–1900)
  • Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan (1900–1920)
  • Omar Riayat Shah, co-Sultan (1831), Sultan (1839–1876)
  • Mahmud Mustafa Shah, Sultan (1876–1877)
  • Ahmad Muadzam Shah II, Sultan (1876–1881)
  • Zainal Abidin III, Sultan (1881–1918)
  • Radin, Yamtuan (1824–1861)
  • Imam, Yamtuan (1861–1869)
  • Tengku Ampuan Intan, Regent (1869–1872)
  • Antah, Yamtuan (1875–1888)
  • Muhammad, Yamtuan (1888–1933)
  • Syed Hussein Jamalullail, Penghulu (1825–1843), Raja (1843–1873)
  • Syed Ahmad Jamalullail, Raja (1873–1887)
  • Syed Saffi Jamalullail, Raja (1887–1905)
British protectorate, 1895–1942, 1945–1946
British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946
British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Malaysian Borneo
British colony, 1848–1890, 1904–1906, 1907–1941, 1945–1946
British colony, 1888–1941, 1945–1946; Crown colony, 1946–1963
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Myanmar / Burma

Philippines

  • Mohammad Pulalun Kiram, Sultan (1844–1862)
  • Jamal ul-Azam, Sultan (1862–1881)
  • Badar ud-Din II, Sultan (1881–1884)
  • Harun Ar-Rashid, Sultan (1886–1894)
  • Jamalul Kiram II, Sultan (1894–1915)
  • Untong, Sultan (c.1830–c.1854)
  • Muhammad Makakwa, Sultan (c.1854–1884)
  • Wata, Sultan (?–c.1888)
  • Mangigin, Sultan (1896–1926)
Colony, 1565–1901
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
  • Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)
  • Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)

Singapore

British colony as part of the Straits Settlements, 1819–1867
British crown colony as part of the Straits Settlements, 1867–1963
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Thailand

Second Kelantanese dynasty
  • Phraya Long Muhammad Ibni Raja Muda Kelantan/Raja Kampong Laut Tuan Besar Long Ismail Ibni Raja Long Yunus, Sultan (1842–1856)
  • Tuan Long Puteh Bin Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1856–1881)
  • Tuan Besar Bin Tuan Long Puteh, ruler (1881–1890)
  • Tuan Long Bongsu Bin Sultan Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1890–1898)
  • Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah, Sultan (?–1902)

Timor

Colony, 1702–1975
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

Tây Sơn dynasty (complete list) –
Nguyễn dynasty (complete list) –
Colony, 1887–1946
Vietnamese constituents are below; for details see France under western Europe
French Colony, 1862–1949
French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948
French Protectorate, 1884–1949
For details see France under western Europe

Asia: South

Afghanistan

Asia: West

Bahrain

Protectorate of the United Kingdom, 1861–1971
  • Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1843–1868)
  • Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1868–1869)
  • Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869)
  • Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869)
  • Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869–1923)

Cyprus

Colony, 1878–1960
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Iran

Iraq

Kuwait

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

  • Ṭalāl bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1848–1868)
  • Mutʿib bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1868–1869)
  • Bandar ben Talal al-Rachid, Emir (1869)
  • Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1869–1897)
  • Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Emir (1897–1906)

Turkey

United Arab Emirates: Trucial States

Yemen

  • `Amm Dayb ibn `Ali al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (?)
  • Ruways ibn `Amm Dayb al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (?)
  • Nasir ibn Ruways al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (?)
  • Farid ibn Nasir al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (c.1871–1883)
  • Ruways ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (1883–1890)
  • `Amm Rassas ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (1890–1902)
  • `Abd Allah ibn Farid, Sultan (?–1862)
  • `Awad ibn `Abd Allah, Sultan (1862–1879)
  • `Abd Allah ibn `Awad, Sultan (1879–1887)
  • Salih ibn `Abd Allah, Sultan (1887–1935)
  • Thaifallah, Amir (?)
  • Mubarak, Amir (?)
  • Muhsin, Amir (?–1903)
  • Shafa`ul ibn `Abd al-Hadi al-`Amiri, Emir (?–1872)
  • `Ali ibn Muqbil al-`Amiri, Emir (1872–1873, 1874, 1878–1886)
  • Muhammad ibn Musa`id al-`Amiri, Emir (1873–1873)
  • `Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-`Amiri, Emir (1874–1878)
  • Sha´if ibn Sayf al-`Amiri, Emir (1886–1911)
  • Ghalib ibn Muhsin al-Kathir, Sultan (1830–1880)
  • al-Mansur ibn Ghalib al-Kathir, Sultan (1880–1929)
  • 'Ali I ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1849–1863)
  • al-Fadl III ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1863, 1874–1898)
  • al-Fadl IV ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1874)
  • Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1898–1914)
  • Ahmad ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)
  • `Abd Allah ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)
  • `Abd Allah ibn Salim Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century)
  • `Ali ibn `Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (late-19th century–1907)
  • al-Husayn ibn `Abd Allah, Sultan (?)
  • `Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn, Sultan (?)
  • Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (?–1877)
  • Salih ibn Ahmad, Sultan (1877–1881)
  • `Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1881–1881)
  • Muhsin ibn `Ali al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)
  • `Abd Allah ibn `Umar al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1881)
  • `Abd Allah ibn `Umar, Sultan (1881–1885)
  • al-Hadi ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1892)
  • Muhsin ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1892–1893)
  • Salih ibn `Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1893–1904)
  • `Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870)
  • Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1877)
  • Salih ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1877–1881)
  • Nasir ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1919)
  • Ahmad ibn Ali al-Afifi, ruler (1841–1873, 1891–1893)
  • Ali II ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1873–1885)
  • Muhsin I ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1885–1891)
  • Abu Bakr ibn Sha'if al-Afifi, ruler (1893–1899)
  • Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1899–1916)
  • `Abd Allah ibn Nasir ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1840–1866)
  • al-Husayn ibn Abi Bakr ibn Qahtan Al Harhara, Sultan (1866–1875)
  • Muhammad ibn `Ali ibn Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara, Sultan (1875–1895)
  • Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara, Sultan (1895–1903)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Bulgaria

Croatia

part of the Habsburg Monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown
part of the Austrian Empire

Greece

Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire, establishment by the Great Powers, 1898–1913
British protectorate, 1815–1864
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Kosovo

administrative division of the Ottoman Empire, under Austro-Hungarian occupation 1878–1913

Montenegro

  • Petar II, Prince-bishop (1830–1851)
  • Danilo II, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)
  • Danilo II, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)
  • Nikola I, Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)

Serbia

Slovenia

Europe: British Isles

Europe: Central

Germany Empire

Austria-Hungary

Habsburg-Lorraine ruled under numerous simultaneous titles

Bohemia

Liechtenstein

Switzerland

Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation

These are leaders of constituent states from the German mediatisation in 1806 until the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866. Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806).

re-united to Anhalt
  • Leopold III, Prince (1751–1758), Duke (1758–1817), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1812–1817)
  • Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)
  • Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1851)
  • Johann Georg Neuburg (Politiker) [de], Senior Mayor (1852)
  • Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1853)
  • Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1854)
  • Eduard Ludwig von Harnier [de], Senior Mayor (1855)
  • Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1856)
  • Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1857)
  • Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1858)
  • Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1859)
  • Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1860)
  • Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1861)
  • Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1862)
  • Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1863)
  • Anton Heinrich Emil von Oven [de], Senior Mayor (1864)
  • Philipp Friedrich Gwinner [de], Senior Mayor (1865)
  • Karl Konstanz Viktor Fellner [de], Senior Mayor (1866)
  • Wolfgang Ernest III, Prince (1820–1866)
  • Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl [de], Mayor (1851–1852)
  • Johann Hermann Eschenburg [de], Mayor (1851–1852)
  • Bernhard Heinrich Frister [de], Mayor (1853–1854)
  • Karl Ludwig Roeck [de], Mayor (1855–1856)
  • Johann Hermann Eschenburg [de], Mayor (1857–1858)
  • Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl [de], Mayor (1857–1858)
  • Karl Ludwig Roeck [de], Mayor (1859–1860)
  • Heinrich Brehmer (Diplomat) [de], Mayor (1861–1862)
  • Karl Ludwig Roeck [de], Mayor (1863–1864)
  • Heinrich Brehmer (Diplomat) [de], Mayor (1865–1866)
  • Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince (1816–1865)
  • Otto I, Prince (1865–1892)
  • Günther Friedrich Carl II [de], Prince (1835–1880)

Europe: East

Romania

Russia

Ukraine

1804–1918, crownland of the Austrian Empire

Europe: Nordic

Denmark

Finland

Sweden–Norway

First ministers in Christiania, Norway
Prime ministers in Christiania, Norway

Europe: Southcentral

Italy

Malta

British colony, 1813–1964
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

San Marino

  • Giambattista Bonelli, Marino Berti, Captains Regent (1850–1851)
  • Francesco Guidi Giangi, Marco Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent (1851)
  • Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti, Antonio Para, Captains Regent (1851–1852)
  • Melchiorre Filippi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1852)
  • Filippo Belluzzi, Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1852–1853)
  • Domenico Maria Belzoppi, Pier Matteo Berti, Captains Regent (1853)
  • Giambattista Braschi, Francesco Valli, Captains Regent (1853–1854)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1854)
  • Francesco Guidi Giangi, Pietro Barbieri, Captains Regent (1854–1855)
  • Gaetano Belluzzi (represented by Filippo Belluzzi), Francesco Rossini, Captains Regent (1855)
  • Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi, Marino Masi, Captains Regent (1855–1856)
  • Giuseppe Filippi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1856)
  • Melchiorre Filippi, Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1856–1857)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Domenico Fattori, Captains Regent (1857)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1857–1858)
  • Francesco Guidi Giangi, Marino Malpeli, Captains Regent (1858)
  • Filippo Belluzzi, Pasquale Marcucci, Captains Regent (1858–1859)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1859)
  • Palamede Malpeli, Pier Matteo Berti, Captains Regent (1859–1860)
  • Giuseppe Filippi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1860)
  • Gaetano Belluzzi, Costanzo Damiani, Captains Regent (1860–1861)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1861)
  • Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori, Captains Regent (1861–1862)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1862)
  • Francesco Guidi Giangi, Pietro Tonnini, Captains Regent (1862–1863)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1863)
  • Giuseppe Filippi, Francesco Casali, Captains Regent (1863–1864)
  • Gaetano Belluzzi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1864)
  • Palamede Malpeli, Pasquale Marcucci, Captains Regent (1864–1865)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1865)
  • Filippo Belluzzi, Silvestro Masi, Captains Regent (1865–1866)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Michele Vita, Captains Regent (1866)
  • Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori, Captains Regent (1866–1867)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1867)
  • Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1867–1868)
  • Palamede Malpeli, Giuseppe Vagnini, Captains Regent (1868)
  • Pietro Tonnini, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1868–1869)
  • Filippo Belluzzi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1869)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1869–1870)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Ortollero Grazia, Captains Regent (1870)
  • Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori, Captains Regent (1870–1871)
  • Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1871)
  • Palamede Malpeli, Luigi Pasquali, Captains Regent (1871–1872)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1872)
  • Federico Gozi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1872–1873)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1873)
  • Giuseppe Filippi, Marino Fattori, Captains Regent (1873–1874)
  • Filippo Belluzzi, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1874)
  • Gaetano Simoncini, Domenico Fattori, Captains Regent (1874–1875)
  • Palamede Malpeli, Luigi Pasquali, Captains Regent (1875)
  • Pietro Tonnini, Giuseppe Giacomini, Captains Regent (1875–1876)
  • Gaetano Belluzzi, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1876)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1876–1877)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Andrea Barbieri, Captains Regent (1877)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1877–1878)
  • Domenico Fattori, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1878)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1878–1879)
  • Gaetano Simoncini, Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1879)
  • Federico Gozi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1879–1880)
  • Luigi Pasquali, Giuseppe Giacomini, Captains Regent (1880)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1880–1881)
  • Antonio Belluzzi, Marino Martelli, Captains Regent (1881)
  • Domenico Fattori, Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1881–1882)
  • Marino Fattori, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1882)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1882–1883)
  • Pietro Tonnini, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1883)
  • Pietro Filippi, Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1883–1884)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1884)
  • Federico Gozi, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1884–1885)
  • Luigi Pasquali, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1885)
  • Antonio Michetti, Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1885–1886)
  • Domenico Fattori, Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1886)
  • Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1886–1887)
  • Marino Fattori, Settimio Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1887)
  • Pietro Filippi, Federico Martelli, Captains Regent (1887–1888)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Marino Marcucci, Captains Regent (1888)
  • Federico Gozi, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1888–1889)
  • Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1889)
  • Domenico Fattori, Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1889–1890)
  • Pietro Tonnini, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1890)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1890–1891)
  • Pietro Filippi, Federico Martelli, Captains Regent (1891)
  • Antonio Michetti, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1891–1892)
  • Federico Gozi, Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent (1892)
  • Gemino Gozi, Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent (1892–1893)
  • Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1893)
  • Marino Fattori, Pietro Francini, Captains Regent (1893–1894)
  • Pietro Tonnini/ Giuliano Belluzzi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1894)
  • Settimio Belluzzi, Marino Borbiconi, Captains Regent (1894–1895)
  • Domenico Fattori, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1895)
  • Federico Gozi, Vincenzo Mularoni, Captains Regent (1895–1896)
  • Giovanni Bonelli, Settimio Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1896)
  • Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1896–1897)
  • Luigi Tonnini, Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1897)
  • Antonio Belluzzi, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1897–1898)
  • Pietro Filippi, Onofrio Fattori, Captains Regent (1898)
  • Marino Borbiconi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1898–1899)
  • Gemino Gozi, Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent (1899)
  • Federico Gozi, Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent (1899–1900)
  • Domenico Fattori, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1900)
  • Giovanni Bonelli, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1900–1901)

Vatican City

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

Portugal

Spain

Europe: West

Belgium

France

Luxembourg

Monaco

Netherlands

Eurasia: Caucasus

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Russia: Dagestan

  • Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859)
  • Jafar ibn Aglar, Khan (1877–1877)

Oceania

Australia and Papua New Guinea

Australia

British colony, 1788–1900
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Papua New Guinea

German colony, 1884–1919
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
British protectorate, 1884–1888
British colony, 1888–1902
For details see the United Kingdom under the British Isles, Europe

Pacific

Chile

  • Nga'ara, King (c.1835–pre-1860)
  • Maurata, King (1859–1862)
  • Kai Mako'i 'Iti, King (?–1863)
  • Tepito, King (?)
  • Gregorio, King (?)
  • Atamu Tekena, King (?–pre-1892)

Fiji

British colony, 1874–1970
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

French Polynesia

  • Filipo Meitala, King (1844–1862)
  • Alia Segi, King (1862–?)
  • Soane Malia Musulamu, King (c.1887–1929)
  • Petelo Keletaona, King (1842–1851)
  • Alefosio Tamole, King (1851–?)
  • Anise Tamole, King (c.1887)
Protectorate of France, 1887/1888–1959

New Zealand

British colony, 1891–1901
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1841–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Galiga, Patu-iki (?)
  • Foki-mata, Patu-iki (?–c.1874)
  • Pakieto, Patu-iki (c.1874–c.1875)
  • Tui-toga, Patu-iki (1885–1887)
  • Fata-a-iki, Patu-iki (1887–1896)
  • Togia-Pulu-toaki, Patu-iki (1898–1900)
British protectorate, 1900–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British protectorate, 1888–1901
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Samoa and American Samoa

German colony, 1900–1914
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
  • Tauveve, Manu’a (?)
  • Visala, Manu’a (?)
  • Alalamua, Manu’a (?)
  • Matelita, Manu’a (1891–1895)
  • Elisala, Manu’a (1899–1909)

Solomon Islands

British protectorate, 1893–1978
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Tonga

  • Tēvita ʻUnga, Prime minister (1872–1879)
  • Shirley Waldemar Baker, Prime minister (1881–1890)
  • Siaosi U. Tuku'aho, Prime minister (1890–1893)
  • Siosateki Veikune, Prime minister (1893–1905)
  • Siosateki Veikune, Prime minister (1893–1905)

Tuvalu

British colony, 1892–1976
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

United States: Hawaii

Vanuatu

British-French Protectorate, 1887–1889, 1890–1906
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles and France under western Europe
  • Ferdinand Chevillard, President (1889)
  • R. D. Polk, President (c.1890)

See also


This page was last updated at 2021-11-13 10:55 UTC. Update now. View original page.

All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


Top

If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari