List of wars involving Russia (Redirected from List of wars involving the Soviet Union)

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts involving Russia and its predecessors in chronological order, from the 9th to the 21st century.

The Russian military and troops of its predecessor states in Russia took part in a large number of wars and armed clashes in various parts of the world: starting from the princely squads, opposing the raids of nomads, and fighting for the expansion of the territory of Kievan Rus'. Following the disintegration of Kievan Rus', the emergence of the Principality of Moscow and then the centralized Russian state saw a period of significant territorial growth of the state centred in Moscow and then St. Petersburg during the 15th to 20th centuries, marked by wars of conquest in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East, the world wars of the early 20th century, the proxy wars of the Cold War, and today.

The list includes:

  • external wars
  • foreign intervention in domestic conflicts
  • anti-colonial uprisings of the peoples conquered during the Russian expansion
  • princely feuds
  • peasant uprisings
  • revolutions

Legends of results:

 Victory
 Defeat
 Another result; for example, a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, indecisive, civil or internal conflict, or result unknown
 Ongoing conflict

Kievan Rus'

Date Conflict Location Rus and its allies Opponent(s) Result
830s Paphlagonian expedition of the Rusʹ Rus' Khaganate  Byzantine Empire Victory ; The credibility of the conflict is questioned
860 Siege of Constantinople (860) Rus' Khaganate  Byzantine Empire Victory ; The credibility of the conflict is questioned
907 Rus'–Byzantine War (907) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Victory
920–1036 Rus'-Pechenegs' campaigns Kievan Rus' Pechenegs Various results; eventually victory
941 Rus'–Byzantine War (941) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Defeat
944/945 Rus'-Byzantine War (944/945) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Victory
964–965 Sviatoslav's campaign against Khazars Kievan Rus' Khazar Khaganate Victory
  • Destruction of the Khazar Khaganate
967/968–971 Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Defeat
981 Vladimir the Great's campaign on Cherven Cities Kievan Rus' Duchy of Poland Victory
985 Vladimir the Great's campaign against Volga Bulgaria Kievan Rus' Volga Bulgaria Military victory, then agreement
987 Rus'-Byzantine War (987) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Military victory and agreement
  • Baptism of Vladimir and further Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1022 Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest Kievan Rus' Duchy of Poland Defeat
1024 Rus'–Byzantine War (1024) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Defeat
1030 Yaroslav the Wise's campaign against Chud Kievan Rus' Chud Victory
  • Estonian tribes start to pay tribute to Rus
1030–1031 Yaroslav the Wise's campaign on Cherven Cities Kievan Rus' Duchy of Poland Victory
1042–1228 Finnish–Novgorodian wars Kievan Rus' (until 1136) Baltic Finnic peoples of Fennoscandia (Yem people) Various results, mostly victories
1043 Rus'–Byzantine War (1043) Kievan Rus'  Byzantine Empire Defeat
1055–1223 Rus'-Cumans' campaigns Kievan Rus' Cumans Various results, mostly victories
1061 Sosols raid against Pskov Kievan Rus' Sosols Defeat
  • Yaroslav the Wise's conquests in Estonia are lost
1132–1445 Swedish–Novgorodian Wars Kievan Rus' (until 1136) Kingdom of Sweden

Kingdom of Norway (from 1319)

Stalemate after Black Death
1147 Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians Bolesław IV the CurlyKievan Rus' Old Prussians Victory
1203–1234 Campaigns of Rus princes against the Order of the Sword (see also Livonian Crusade) Kievan Rus'

Novgorod Republic Grand Duchy of Lithuania Baltic peoples Baltic Finnic peoples

Livonian Brothers of the Sword Defeat
  • The crusaders captured Baltic lands up to the borders of Kievan Rus' and Lithuania
1223–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus'(see also List of Tatar and Mongol raids against Rus') Vladimir-Suzdal

Principality of Kiev
Galicia-Volhynia
Novgorod Republic
Smolensk
Turov and Pinsk
Rostov
Chernigov
Ryazan
Pereyaslavl

Mongol Empire Decisive defeat
  • The principalities of the Kievan Rus' became vassals of the Mongol Empire
1240–1242 Livonian campaign against Rus' (see also Northern Crusades) Kievan Rus'

Novgorod Republic

Teutonic Order

Kingdom of Sweden
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark

Victory
  • Defeat of the Germans
  • Peace with Prince Alexander Nevsky
  • The waiving of claims on northern Rus
1268 Battle of Wesenberg Novgorod Republic

Vladimir-Suzdal Pskov Republic

Denmark Kingdom of Denmark

Teutonic Order

Both sides claimed victory

Principality of Moscow (1263–1547)

This is a list of wars involving the Principality of Moscow (1263–1547), also known as Muscovy.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1281–1293/4 Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1281–1293) [ru] Nogai forces
Dmitry of Pereslavl
Mikhail of Tver
Daniel of Moscow
Tode Mongke (1281–1287)
Tokhta forces
Andrey of Gorodets
Theodore the Black
Rostov princes
Tokhta victory
1296/8–1302 Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky Daniel of Moscow
Mikhail of Tver

Tokhta

Andrey of Gorodets
Theodore the Black
Konstantin of Ryazan
Muscovite–Tverian victory
1305–1485 Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru]
(series of short wars, mixed with other conflicts)
Principality of Moscow Principality of Tver Victory
  • Tver annexed by Moscow (1485)
1327 Tver Uprising of 1327
(part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])
Golden Horde
Ivan I Kalita of Moscow
Alexander of Suzdal [uk; ru]
Principality of Tver
Grand Principality of Vladimir
Golden Horde victory
1368–1372 Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72)
(part of the Great Troubles and the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])
Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Principality of Tver

Inconclusive
1376 Muscovite–Volga Bulgars war
(part of the Great Troubles)
Grand Duchy of Moscow Volga Bulgaria Victory
1377 Battle on Pyana River
(part of the Great Troubles)
Grand Duchy of Moscow Golden Horde Defeat
1378 Battle of the Vozha River
(part of the Great Troubles)
Grand Duchy of Moscow Golden Horde Victory
1380 Battle of Kulikovo
(part of the Great Troubles)
Rus' principalities: Western part of the Golden Horde Victory for the Rus' principalities coalition
  • Moscow replaced Tver as the most prominent of the northeastern Rus' principalities
1382 Siege of Moscow
(part of the aftermath of the Great Troubles)
Grand Duchy of Moscow Golden Horde Defeat
1406–1408 Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1406–1408) [uk]
(part of the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars)
Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania Hungarian Treaty [uk] (1 September 1408)
1425–1453 Muscovite War of Succession Younger Donskoy line
Vasily II Vasilyevich
Dmitry II Shemyaka (1434–9)
Boris of Tver (c. 1438)
Mäxmüd of Kazan (1445–8)
Qasim Khan (1452–3)
Older Donskoy line
Yury Dmitrievich (1425–34)
Vasily Kosoy (1434–6)
Ulugh of Kazan (1437–45)
Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439; 1445–53)
Ivan of Mozhaysk [ru; uk] (1447–53)
Vasily II victory
  • Younger lineage of Dmitry Donskoy gained the Muscovite throne
1437–1445 Ulugh Muhammad's campaign (first Russo-Kazan war)
(from Battle of Belyov to Battle of Suzdal)
(connected with the Muscovite War of Succession)
Younger Donskoy line
Vasily II Vasilyevich
Dmitry II Shemyaka (1437–9)
Older Donskoy line
Ulugh of Kazan
Dmitry II Shemyaka (1439)
Ulugh victory
1467–1469 Qasim War Grand Duchy of Moscow Khanate of Kazan Victory
  • Kazan released all ethnic Christian Russians enslaved in the preceding four decades[citation needed]
1471 Battle of Shelon Grand Duchy of Moscow Novgorod Republic Victory
  • Novgorod Republic annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1478
1478 Siege of Kazan Grand Duchy of Moscow Khanate of Kazan Victory
1480 Great Stand on the Ugra River Grand Duchy of Moscow Golden Horde Debated
  • Traditional Russian historiography: Muscovite victory, and the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Russia
  • Modern Western scholarly historiography: Insignificant non-battle, embellished in later accounts; Moscow retained formal relations with Tatar khanates and continued paying tribute to the Crimean Khanate for decades
1485 Capture of Tver (1485) [ru]
(part of the Muscovite–Tverian wars [uk; ru])
Grand Duchy of Moscow Principality of Tver Victory
  • Principality of Tver annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow
1492–1494 First Muscovite-Lithuanian War Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania Victory
1495–1497 Russo-Swedish War Grand Duchy of Moscow Sweden Inconclusive
1500–1503 Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Livonian Order

Victory
1505–1507 Russo-Kazan War Grand Duchy of Moscow Khanate of Kazan Inconclusive
1507–1508 Third Muscovite–Lithuanian War Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

Inconclusive
1512–1522 Fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian War Grand Duchy of Moscow

Livonian Order

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

Victory
1534–1537 Fifth Muscovite–Lithuanian War Grand Duchy of Moscow Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

Inconclusive

Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result
1552 Siege of Kazan
Ivan IV enters the defeated Kazan
Tatarstan Russia Khanate of Kazan Victory
  • The annexation of Kazan into Russia
1552–1556 Tatar Rebellion Tatarstan Russia Tatar rebels Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1554–1557 Ivan the Terrible's Swedish War Karelia Russia Sweden Inconclusive
1556 Russian conquest of Astrakhan Astrakhan Russia Astrakhan Khanate Victory
1558–1583 Livonian War
Russia troops besiege Narva in 1558
Northern Europe Russia

Livonia

Livonian Confederation

Denmark–Norway
Sweden
Poland-Lithuania
(before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union)

Defeat
1568–1570 Astrakhan Expedition Astrakhan and Azov Russia Ottoman Empire Turkey

Crimean Khanate

Victory
  • Treaty of Constantinople (1570)
1570–1572 Ivan the Terrible's Crimean War European Russia Russia Crimean Khanate Victory
  • The Crimean Tatars burn Moscow in 1571
  • The Russians defeat the Crimean Tatars at the Battle of Molodi in 1572
  • The independence of Russia and its conquests in the Volga region preserved
1580–1762 Russian conquest of Siberia
Yermak's Conquest of Siberia
Siberia Russia Khanate of Sibir (until 1598)

Native Siberians

Victory
  • The start of Russian annexation of Siberia
1590–1595 Boris Godunov's Swedish War Northern Europe Russia Sweden Inconclusive
1605–1618 Polish invasions of Russia
The Poles surrender the Moscow Kremlin to Prince Pozharsky in 1612
Russia Russia

Sweden (1609–1610)

Poland-Lithuania Inconclusive
  • Russia's independence preserved
  • Russia lost Smolensk
  • Vladislav Zhigimondovich remains a contender for the Russian throne
  • Truce of Deulino
1606–1607 Bolotnikov Rebellion
Bolotnikov's battle with the Tsar's army at Nizhniye Kotly near Moscow
Russia Russia Rebels under Ivan Bolotnikov Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1610–1617 Ingrian War
Depiction of Russian troops in 1611
Russia Russia Sweden Defeat
1632–1634 Smolensk War
Russian troops storm Smolensk
Smolensk Russia Poland-Lithuania Defeat
1651–1653 Alexis I's Persian War North Caucasus Russia Persia Defeat
1652–1689 Sino–Russian border conflicts
Russian fort under attack by Chinese troops
Heilongjiang and Amur Russia

Cossacks

Qing dynasty China

Joseon Korea

Defeat
1654–1667 First Northern War Eastern Europe Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

Poland-Lithuania

Crimean Khanate

Victory
1656–1658 Second Northern War
Russian troops besiege Riga in 1656
Northern Europe Russia Sweden Inconclusive
1662–1664 First Bashkir Rebellion Bashkortostan Russia Bashkir rebels Inconclusive; political defeat
  • The Russian government was forced to accept Bashkir demands
1670–1671 Razin's Rebellion
Razin's rebels in Astrakhan
Russia Russia Cossacks under Stepan Razin Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1676–1681 Feodor III's Turkish War Ukraine Russia Turkey

Crimean Khanate

Indecisive
1683–1700 Great Turkish War
Russian troops capture Azov
Eastern Europe Russia (from 1686)

Austria
Poland-Lithuania
Cossack Hetmanate

Turkey

Crimean Khanate

Victory
1700–1721 Great Northern War
Russian troops assault the island fortress of Nöteborg
Russian troops capture Narva
Europe Russia

Denmark Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–)
 Saxony (1700–6, 1709–)
Poland-Lithuania (1700–4, 1709–)
Cossack Hetmanate (1700–8)
 Prussia (1715–)
Province of Hanover Hanover (1715–)
 Great Britain (1717–19)

Sweden Sweden

Holstein-Gottorp
Poland-Lithuania (1704–09)
Turkey (1710–14)
Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
 Great Britain (1700, 1719–21)

Victory against Sweden
Defeat by Turkey
1704–1711 Third Bashkir Rebellion Bashkortostan and Tatarstan Russia Bashkir rebels Military victory, political defeat
  • Russian government forced to accept some Bashkir demands
1707–1708 Bulavin Rebellion Southern Russia Russia Don Cossack rebels Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1717 Peter the Great's Khivan War Khanate of Khiva Russia Khanate of Khiva Defeat
1717–1847 Kazakh-Russian conflicts Kazakhstan  Russia

Bashkirs
Cossack rebels

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz tribes
Khanate of Khiva

Victory

Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result
1722–1723 Persian Expedition of Peter the Great Caucasus and northern Iran  Russia

Cossack Hetmanate
Armenia
Georgia

Persia Victory
1733–1738 War of the Polish Succession Rhineland
Depiction of the Siege of Danzig by Russian and Saxon forces in 1734
Poland Poland under

Augustus III of Poland
 Russia
 Austria
 Saxony
 Prussia

Poland under Stanisław Leszczyński

 France
 Spain
 Sardinia

Indecisive
1735–1739 Russo-Austro-Turkish War Eastern Europe  Russia

Habsburg monarchy Austria

 Turkey Victory
1735–1740 Fourth Bashkir Rebellion Bashkortostan  Russia
  • Russian Empire pro-Russian Bashkirs
Bashkir rebels Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
  • Establishment of Orenburg
1740–1748 War of the Austrian Succession Europe  Austria

 Britain
Province of Hanover Hanover
 Russia (1741–43, 1748)
 Dutch Republic
 Saxony (1743–45)
 Sardinia

 Prussia (1740–42, 1744–45)

Spain Spain (1740–1746)
 France
Bavaria Bavaria (1741–45)
 Saxony (1741–42)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples and Sicily
 Genoa
Sweden Sweden (1741–43)

Inconclusive
Victory against Sweden
1756–1763 Seven Years' War
Russian troops in Berlin in 1760
Europe  France

 Austria
 Spain
 Sweden
 Russia (1756–1762)
 Saxony

 Prussia

 Britain
Province of Hanover Hanover
граница Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Portugal Portugal
Hesse Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy

White peace
1768–1769 Koliivshchyna Rebellion
Camp of Haidamakas
Ukraine  Russia

Poland-Lithuania

Haidamaky Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1768–1772 War of the Bar Confederation
Krakow capitulates to Suvorov
Poland  Russia Kingdom of France France

Poland Bar Confederation

Victory
1768–1774 Catherine the Great's First Turkish War
Destruction of the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Chesma
Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Mediterranean  Russia  Turkey Victory
1773–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion
Russian Cossack troops march during the rebellion
Russia  Russia Rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev

 Turkey

Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1787–1792 Catherine the Great's Second Turkish War
Russian troops storm the fortress of Ochakov
Eastern Europe  Russia  Turkey Victory
1788–1790 Catherine the Great's Swedish War
Russian fleet during the Battle of Vyborg Bay
Finland, western Sweden, and the Baltic Sea  Russia Sweden Sweden Inconclusive
1792 Catherine the Great's Polish War Poland  Russia

Targowica Confederation

Poland-Lithuania Victory
1794 Kościuszko Uprising
Battle of Praga
Poland  Russia

Kingdom of Prussia Prussia

Poland-Lithuania Victory
1796 Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great North Caucasus and South Caucasus  Russia Persia Victory
1799–1802 War of the Second Coalition
Suvorov victorious at the Battle of Trebbia (1799)
Europe  Austria

 Holy Roman Empire
 Britain
 Russia (until 1799)
Kingdom of France French Royalists
Portugal Portugal
 Two Sicilies
 Turkey

France France

 Spain
Denmark Denmark-Norway
Poland Polish Legions
French client states

Withdrawal in 1799
  • French victory in 1802
1803–1806 War of the Third Coalition
Capture of a French regiment's standard by the cavalry of the Russian Guards
Europe  Austria

 Russia
 United Kingdom
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples
Portugal Portugal
 Sweden

France France

French client states

Defeat
1804–1813 Alexander I's Persian War
Russian troops storm the fortress of Lankaran
North Caucasus, South Caucasus and northern Iran  Russia Persia Victory
1806–1807 War of the Fourth Coalition
Russia troops clash with French troops at the Battle of Eylau
Eastern and Central Europe  Prussia

 United Kingdom
 Saxony
 Sweden
 Russia
граница Sicily

France France

French client states
 Spain
Confederation of the Rhine

Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
Kingdom of Naples Naples
Polish Legions

Defeat
1806–1812 Alexander I's Turkish War
Russian Fleet after the Battle of Athos
Romania, Moldova, Caucasus and Black Sea  Russia Ottoman Empire Turkey Victory
1807–1812 Anglo-Russian War Baltic Sea and Barents Sea  Russia  United Kingdom Inconclusive
1808–1809 Finnish War
Russian troops cross the Gulf of Bothnia on ice
Finland and Sweden  Russia Sweden Sweden Victory
1809 War of the Fifth Coalition Central Europe France France

Confederation of the Rhine
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) Italy
Spain Spain
Warsaw
 Russia

 Austria

 United Kingdom
граница Sicily
 Sardinia

Victory (limited involvement)
1812 French invasion of Russia
General Raevsky leading a detachment of the Russian Imperial Guard at the Battle of Saltanovka
Russia  Russia France France

French client states

Victory
  • The French invasion is repelled
  • Napoleon's Grand Army is destroyed and forced to retreat
1813–1814 War of the Sixth Coalition
Russian troops entering Paris in 1814
Europe  Austria

 Prussia
 United Kingdom
 Sweden
 Russia
Spain Spain
Portugal Portugal
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
 Sardinia

France France

French client states

Victory
1815 War of the Seventh Coalition Europe  Austria

 Prussia
 United Kingdom
 Russia
Province of Hanover Hanover
Nassau
Brunswick
 Sweden
 United Netherlands
 Spain
Portugal Portugal
 Sardinia
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Sicily
Tuscany Tuscany
  Switzerland
Kingdom of France French Royalists

France France

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples

Victory
1817–1864 Caucasian War
Imam Shamil surrenders to Russian forces
Caucasus  Russia

Mingrelia
Guria

Caucasian Imamate

Circassia
Big Kabarda (until 1825)
Abkhazian insurgents
Kazi-Kumukh
Dagestan free people
Avaria (1829–1859)
Svaneti

Victory
1825 Decembrist revolt
Decembrists at the Senate Square
Saint Petersburg  Russia Decembrist rebels Victory
  • The revolt is crushed
1826–1828 Nicholas I's Persian War
Russian and Persian troops clash near Elisabethpol
South Caucasus and northern Iran  Russia Persia Victory
1827 Battle of Navarino
Russian squadron bombarding the Ottoman fleet
Greece  United Kingdom

France France
 Russia

 Turkey Victory
1828–1829 Nicholas I's Turkish War
Russian troops besiege Kars in 1828
Balkans and Caucasus  Russia  Turkey Victory
1830–1831 November uprising
Russian and Polish forces clash during the Battle of Ostrołęka
Poland  Russia Poland Poland Victory
  • The uprising is crushed
1839–1841 Second Turko-Egyptian War Syria and Lebanon United Kingdom Britain

Austrian Empire Austria
Russian Empire Russia
Ottoman Empire Turkey

Egypt

France France
Spain Spain

Victory
  • Egypt renounced its claim to Syria
1839–1895 Russian conquest of Central Asia
Russian troops entering Samarkand in 1868
Central Asia  Russia Kazakhstan

Bukhara
Khiva
Kokand
Turkmen tribes
Kyrgyz tribes
граница Afghanistan

Victory
  • The annexation of Central Asia into Russia
1841 Gurian rebellion Georgia  Russia Gurian rebels Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1842 Shoorcha rebellion Tatarstan and Ulyanovsk  Russia Tatar, Mari and Chuvash peasants Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1848–1849 Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian troops surrender to the Russians at Világos
Hungary Austrian Empire Austria

 Russia

граница Hungary

граница Polish legions
граница German legion
Viennese legion
граница Italian legion

Victory
  • The revolution is crushed
1853–1856 Crimean War
Russian troops and French zouaves engaged in hand-to-hand combat at Malakhov Kurgan
Crimea, Balkans, Caucasus, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea and Far East  Russia France

 Turkey
 Britain
 Sardinia

Defeat
1858 Mahtra Rebellion Estonia  Russia Estonian peasants Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1861 Bezdna Revolt Tatarstan Russia Peasants Victory
  • The revolt is crushed
1863–1864 January uprising
Russian troops in Warsaw during the uprising
Poland Russia Polish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian insurgents Victory
  • The uprising is crushed
1866 Polish rebellion in Siberia Siberia Russia Polish political exiles Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War
Russian troops entering Adrianople
Balkans and Caucasus Russia

граница Bulgarian volunteers
Romania Romania
Serbia Serbia
 Montenegro

Ottoman Empire Turkey Victory
1897–1898 Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) Crete Cretan revolutionaries

Kingdom of Greece
 British Empire
 France
Kingdom of Italy Italy
Russian Empire Russia
 Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898)
 German Empire (until March 16, 1898)

Ottoman Empire Turkey Victory
  • Establishment of the Cretan State
  • Withdrawal of Ottoman forces from Crete
1899–1901 Boxer Rebellion
Russian troops in Pekin
China Eight-Nation Alliance:

 Japan
 United Kingdom
 Russia
France France
 United States
 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Italy

Yìhéquán

 China

Victory
1902–1906 Rebellion in Guria Georgia  Russia Gurian Republic Victory
  • The rebellion is crushed
1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War
Russian cavalry in a reconnaissance mission during the Battle of Mukden
Manchuria, Korean Peninsula and Yellow Sea  Russia  Japan Defeat
1905–1907 Russian Revolution of 1905
A barricade erected by revolutionaries in Moscow
Russia  Russia Revolutionaries
Supported by:
Victory
1905–1911 Persian Constitutional Revolution
Russian flag over Arg of Tabriz
Iran Persia

 Russia (from 1906)

Iranian constitutionalists Victory
  • Russian occupation of Northern Iran until 1917
1914–1917 World War I
Russian troops going to the front
Attack of Russian cavalry
Russian trenches in the forests of Sarikamish
Europe and Asia Allied Powers:

 France
 British Empire

 Russia
 United States
 Italy
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Belgium
 Japan
 Romania
 Portugal
 Brazil
Hejaz
 Greece
Armenia Armenia
Saudi Arabia Nejd and Hasa
 China
 Siam

Central Powers:

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Turkey
 Bulgaria

Defeat

Allied Victory (without Russia)

1917 February Revolution Russia  Russia Republicans:

Socialists:

Defeat

Russian Republic (1917)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result
1917 October Revolution Russia Russia Bolsheviks
Petrograd Soviet
Left SRs
Red Guards
Defeat

Russian SFSR (1917–1922)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result
1917–1922 Russian Civil War  Russian SFSR

 Far Eastern Republic
Mongolian Communists
Makhnovshchina
Left SR
Green armies

Russia White Movement

Mountain Republic
Makhnovshchina
Left SR
Green armies
 Britain
 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 United States
 France
 Serbia
 Romania
 Italy
 China
граница Mongolia

1917–1921 Ukrainian-Soviet War (Ukrainian War of Independence)  Russian SFSR

Ukrainian SSR
граница Makhnovshchina

Ukrainian People's Republic

West Ukrainian People's Republic
 German Empire (1918)
Poland (1920–1921)
Hetmanate of Ukraine
White Movement
 German Empire (1917–1918)
Romania (1918)
Poland (1918–1919)
France (1919)
Greece (1919)

Victory
1917–1920 Kazakhstan Campaign  Russian SFSR Alash Autonomy

Russia White Movement

Victory
1918 Finnish Civil War  Russian SSR

граница Red Guard

граница White Guard

German Empire Germany

Defeat
  • Victory of the White Guard in Finland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces and Finnish independence
1918–1919 Sochi conflict Russian SFSR

Armed Forces of South Russia
 Ottoman Empire Turkey

Georgia (country) Georgia Indecisive
1918–1920 Latvian War of Independence  Russian SFSR

 Latvian SSR

 Latvian Army

 Estonia
Russia Lieven
 Poland
 Lithuania
Supported by the Allied Powers German Empire VI Reserve Corps:

merged into the West Russian Volunteer Army in September 1919

Defeat
  • Expulsion of Bolshevik forces from Latvia; Latvian independence
1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence  Russian SFSR

Commune of Estonia

 Estonia

 Latvia
 United Kingdom
Russia White Movement Finnish, Danish, and Swedish volunteers Baltische Landeswehr

Defeat
1918–1919 Lithuanian–Soviet War  Russian SFSR

LBSSR

Lithuania Republic of Lithuania

 Saxon Volunteers

Defeat
  • Expulsion of Bolshevik forces from Lithuania; Lithuanian independence
1918–1920 Georgian-Ossetian Conflict  Russian SFSR

граница Ossetian rebels

Transcaucasian Federation

Georgia

Defeat
1919–1921 Polish–Soviet War  Russian SFSR

 Ukrainian SSR
 Byelorussian SSR
Polrewkom

 Poland

 Ukrainian nationalists

Defeat
1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence Turkey

 Russian SFSR

 Greece

 United Kingdom
 Armenia

Victory
1920 Invasion of Azerbaijan  Russian SFSR

 Azerbaijan SSR

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Victory
1920 Invasion of Armenia  Russian SFSR Armenia Armenia Victory
1921 Invasion of Georgia  Russian SFSR

 Azerbaijan SSR
Turkey

Georgia Victory
1921 Soviet intervention in Mongolia  Russian SFSR

Mongolian People's Party

Mongolia Victory
  • Provisional People's Republic of Mongolia established as a protectorate
1921–1922 East Karelian Uprising  Russian SFSR граница Forest Guerrillas

Finland Finnish volunteers

Victory
  • The uprising is crushed

Russia and the Soviet Union (1916–1934)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result
1916–1934 Central Asian Revolt
Soviet troops on Turkestan front in 1922
Central Asia Russian Empire Russian Empire (until 1917)

 Russian SFSR

 Soviet Union (from 1922)

Basmachi

Khiva
Bukhara
Afghanistan

Victory
  • The revolt is crushed

Soviet Union (1922–1991)

This is a list of wars involving the Soviet Union (30 December 192226 December 1991).

Date Conflict Location Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1916–1934 Central Asian Revolt
Soviet troops on Turkestan front in 1922
Central Asia Russian Empire Russian Empire (until 1917)

 Russian SFSR

 Soviet Union (from 1922)

Basmachi

Khiva
Bukhara
Afghanistan

Victory
  • The revolt is suppressed
1921 August Uprising[citation needed]  Soviet Union Damkom Victory
  • The uprising is suppressed
  • Consolidation of Soviet rule in the Georgian SSR
1925–1926 Urtatagai conflict  Soviet Union Emirate of Afghanistan Peace treaty
  • Afghanistan was forced to restrain Basmachi border raids
  • Urtatagai was captured, then ceded back to Afghanistan
1929 Sino-Soviet conflict  Soviet Union  China Victory
  • The provisions of the 1924 agreement are upheld
1929 Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)

Part of the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)

 Soviet Union

Amānullāh Khān

Basmachi

Saqqawists

The Soviet Union failed to change the situation in the country
1930 Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)  Soviet Union Basmachi Victory
1932 Chechen uprising of 1932 [ru][citation needed]  Soviet Union Chechen rebels Victory
  • The uprising is suppressed
1932–1941 Soviet–Japanese border conflicts  Soviet Union

 Mongolia

 Japan

 Manchukuo

Victory
1934 Soviet invasion of Xinjiang  Soviet Union
Xinjiang clique
Russian Empire White Movement
Torgut Mongols
 China Stalemate
(1936–39) Spanish Civil War Spain Spain

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Mexico


Volunteers
Nationalist faction


Supported by:
Kingdom of Italy Italy
Nazi Germany Germany
Portugal Portugal

Defeat
1937 Islamic Rebellion in Xinjiang[citation needed] Xinjiang

 Soviet Union
Russian Empire White Movement

 China Victory
  • Rebellion is suppressed
  • Establishment of the rule of Sheng Shicai's Soviet puppet regime over the whole territory of Xinjiang province
1939 Soviet invasion of Poland (Part of World War II)  Germany

 Soviet Union
 Slovakia

Poland Poland Victory
1939–1940 Winter War (Part of World War II)  Soviet Union  Finland Inconclusive
1940 Occupation and annexation of the Baltic states (Part of World War II)  Soviet Union  Estonia
 Latvia
 Lithuania
Victory
1940 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (part of World War II)  Soviet Union  Romania Victory
1941–1945 World War II Allied Powers:

 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 France
 Poland
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
Kingdom of YugoslaviaDemocratic Federal Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
 Brazil
 Mexico

Axis Powers:

 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Slovakia
 Croatia
 Thailand
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Wang Jingwei regime

Victory
1944–1960s Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe[citation needed]  Soviet Union
 East Germany
 Polish People's Republic
 Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
 Hungarian People's Republic
 Socialist Republic of Romania
 People's Republic of Bulgaria
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Ukrainian Insurgents
Polish Insurgents
Estonia Estonian Insurgents
Latvia Latvian Insurgents
Lithuania Lithuanian Insurgents
Bulgaria Bulgarian Insurgents
Serbian Insurgents
Croatian Insurgents
Romanian Insurgents
Germany German Insurgents
Hungarian Insurgents
Victory
  • The independence movements are suppressed
  • Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe preserved
1945 Soviet–Japanese War (Part of World War II)  Soviet Union

 Mongolia

 Japan

 Manchukuo

Victory
  • Karafuto Prefecture annexed into the Soviet Union and incorporated into the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian SFSR
  • The Kuril Islands annexed into the Soviet Union and incorporated into the Russian SFSR
  • The liberation of Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, and northern Korea, and the collapse of the Japanese puppet states therein
  • The partition of the Korean Peninsula; the Soviet Union occupies North Korea
  • Manchuria and Inner Mongolia returned to China
1946-1954 First Indochina War  France

 State of Vietnam

 Kingdom of Laos

 Cambodia

Viet Minh

Khmer Issarak

Pathet Lao

 Japan Japanese holdout Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 China

Victory
  • Withdrawal of French forces from Indochina
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam independence recognized
  • State of Vietnam, Kingdom of Laos and Kingdom of Cambodia achieve independence
  • Vietnam was partitioned between North (controlled by the Việt Minh) and South (controlled by the State of Vietnam)
1950–1953 Korean War  North Korea

 China
 Soviet Union

 United Nations

 South Korea
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Australia
 Belgium
 Canada
 France
 Philippines
 Colombia
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 South Africa
 Thailand
 Turkey

Ceasefire
  • Establishment of the Korean DMZ
  • Minor territorial changes
1955–1975 Vietnam War  North Vietnam

Viet Cong and PRG
Pathet Lao
GRUNK (1970–1975)
Khmer Rouge
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea

 South Vietnam

 United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Laos
Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
 Thailand
 Philippines

Victory
1953 East German Uprising[citation needed]  Soviet Union East Germany East Germany East German demonstrators Victory
  • The uprising is suppressed
1956 Hungarian Revolution[citation needed]  Soviet Union

Hungary ÁVH

Revolutionaries Victory
  • The revolution is suppressed
1961–1968 Vlora Incident[citation needed]  Soviet Union
Warsaw Pact:
 Bulgaria
 Czechoslovakia
 East Germany
 Hungary
 Poland
 Albania Soviet-Warsaw Pact defeat
1968 Invasion of Czechoslovakia[citation needed]  Soviet Union

Bulgaria
 East Germany
Hungary
Poland

Czechoslovakia Victory
1969 Zhenbao Island Incident[citation needed]  Soviet Union  China Victory (status quo ante bellum)
1969–1970 War of Attrition  Egypt

 Soviet Union

 Israel Inconclusive
  • Continuation of Israeli occupation of Sinai
1974–1991 Eritrean War of Independence Ethiopia Ethiopia

 Cuba (until 1989)
 Soviet Union (until 1990)
 South Yemen

ELF

EPLF

Withdrawal (limited involvement)
  • Independence of Eritrea after the fall of the Soviet-aligned communist government in Ethiopia
1975–1991 Angolan Civil War MPLA

 Cuba
 Brazil
 Soviet Union
граница SWAPO
граница MK

 South Africa

UNITA
FNLA
FLEC

Stalemate
1977–1978 Ethio-Somali War Ethiopia

 Cuba
 South Yemen
 Soviet Union

Somalia Somalia

WSLF

Stalemate
1979–1989 Soviet–Afghan War  Soviet Union

Afghanistan Soviet-controlled Afghanistan

Afghan Mujahideen

Saqqawists

Defeat

Russian Federation (1991–present)

Date Conflict Location Russia and its allies Opponent(s) Result for Russia
1991–1993 Georgian Civil War Georgia Georgia (country) Government of Georgia

Supported by
 Russia

Georgia (country) Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government in exile

Georgia (country) Zviadists

Victory
  • Zviadist revolt crushed
1991–1992 South Ossetian War South Ossetia South Ossetia South Ossetia

 Russia

Georgia (country) Georgia Victory
  • South Ossetia gained de facto independence
1992–1993 War in Abkhazia Abkhazia  Abkhazia

 Russia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus

 Georgia

UNA-UNSO

Victory
  • Abkhazia gained de facto independence
1992 Transnistria War
PMR trucks on the bridge between Tiraspol and Bendery
Transnistria  Transnistria

 Russia

Ukrainian volunteers

 Moldova

Romanian volunteers and military advisers

Victory
  • Transnistria gained de facto independence
1992–1997 Tajikistani Civil War
Spetsnaz troops dismount an APC during the war
Tajikistan Tajikistan/ Tajikistan

Russia/ Russia
 Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan/ Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan/ Kyrgyzstan
Turkmenistan/ Turkmenistan
Supported by

United Tajik Opposition

Afghanistan Afghanistan (until 1996)
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996)
Afghanistan Taliban factions
Supported by
al-Qaeda
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

Victory
1994–1996 First Chechen War
A Chechen militiaman takes cover behind a burned-out Russian BMP-2 armoured vehicle
Chechnya  Russia граница Ichkeria

Mujahideen

Defeat
1999 War of Dagestan Dagestan  Russia IIPB Victory
1999–2009 Second Chechen War
A farewell ceremony for the 331st Airborne Regiment of the 98th Airborne Division withdrawn from Chechnya
Chechnya  Russia граница Ichkeria

Caucasian Front
Mujahideen

Victory
2008 Russo-Georgian War
Tank-like vehicle with soldiers aboard
Russian BMP-2 from the 58th Army in South Ossetia
Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia  Russia

 South Ossetia
 Abkhazia

 Georgia Victory
2014–present Russo-Ukrainian War
Russian unidentified special forces take control of a Ukrainian military garrison in Crimea
Ukraine  Russia

Supported by
 Belarus (since 2022)

 Ukraine

Supported by: For countries providing aid to Ukraine since 2022, see List of foreign aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War

Ongoing
2015–present Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
Two Tupolev Tu-22M3s bombing in the Deir ez-Zor area, 2017

Syria
 Russia

 Syria
 Iran
граница Hezbollah

 ISIL

Ahrar al-Sham
Tahrir al-Sham

Syrian Opposition

Ongoing
2018–present Central African Republic Civil War
Delivery of Russian BRDM-2 armored vehicles to Central African Republic, October 2020
Central African Republic  Russia

 Central African Republic
 Rwanda

Central African Republic Coalition of Patriots for Change Ongoing
2021–present Mali War Mali  Russia

 Mali

Al-Qaeda
 Islamic State
Ongoing
2024–present Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso  Russia

 Burkina Faso

Al-Qaeda
 Islamic State
Ongoing


See also


This page was last updated at 2024-02-27 17:47 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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