Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)

In South Africa, a metropolitan municipality or Category A municipality is a municipality which executes all the functions of local government for a city or conurbation. This is by contrast to areas which are primarily rural, where the local government is divided into district municipalities and local municipalities.

The Constitution, section 155.1.a, defines "Category A" municipalities. In the Municipal Structures Act it is laid out that this type of local government is to be used for conurbations, "centre[s] of economic activity", areas "for which integrated development planning is desirable", and areas with "strong interdependent social and economic linkages".

The metropolitan municipality is similar to the consolidated city-county in the US, although a South African metropolitan municipality is created by notice of the provincial government, not by agreement between district and local municipalities.

History

Metropolitan municipalities were brought about during reforms of the 1990s so that cities could be governed as single entities. For example, eThekwini (including Durban) is today a single municipality formed from what were more than 40 separate jurisdictions before 1994.

This reform process was a response to the way in which apartheid policy had broken up municipal governance. For example, Soweto had, until 1973, been administered by the Johannesburg City Council, but after 1973 was run by an Administration Board separate from the city council. This arrangement deprived Soweto of vital subsidies that it had been receiving from Johannesburg. A key demand of anti-apartheid civics in the 1980s was for 'one city, one tax base' in order to facilitate the equitable distribution of funds within what was a functionally integrated urban space.

Local government reform after apartheid produced six Transitional Metropolitan Councils following the 1995/6 local government elections. These were characterized by a two-tier structure. From 2000, these six Metropolitan Councils were restructured into their final single-tier form. In 2011, Buffalo City (including East London) and Mangaung (including Bloemfontein) were added to the category of metropolitan municipality.

List of metropolitan municipalities

Name Code Province Seat Area
(km2)
Population
(2016)
Pop. density
(per km2)
Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality BUF Eastern Cape East London 2,750 834,997 303.6
City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality CPT Western Cape Cape Town 2,446 4,005,016 1,637.6
City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality JHB Gauteng Johannesburg 1,645 4,949,347 3,008.8
City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality TSH Gauteng Pretoria 6,298 3,275,152 520.0
City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality EKU Gauteng Germiston 1,975 3,379,104 1,710.6
eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality ETH KwaZulu-Natal Durban 2,556 3,702,231 1,448.5
Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality MAN Free State Bloemfontein 9,886 787,803 79.7
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality NMA Eastern Cape Port Elizabeth 1,957 1,263,051 645.4

See also


This page was last updated at 2024-02-05 12:29 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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