Military history of Korea
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Korea's military history spans thousands of years, beginning with the ancient nation of Gojoseon and continuing into the present day with the countries of North Korea and South Korea, and is notable for its many successful triumphs over invaders.
Throughout its history, Korea has boasted numerous exceptional leaders who gained outstanding victories against numerically superior enemies. Famed leaders credited with defending Korea against foreign invasions include: Eulji Mundeok of Goguryeo, who defeated Sui China during the Goguryeo–Sui War; Yeon Gaesomun of Goguryeo, who defeated Emperor Taizong of Tang China during the Goguryeo–Tang War; Gang Gam-chan of Goryeo, who defeated the Khitan Empire during the Goryeo-Khitan War; Choe Yeong and Yi Seong-gye of Goryeo, who defeated the Red Turbans during the Red Turban Invasions; and Yi Sun-shin of Joseon, who defeated the Japanese at sea during the Imjin War.
Other notable leaders include: Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo, who created a great empire in Northeast Asia through conquest, and subjugated the other Korean kingdoms of Baekje, Silla and Gaya to bring about a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea; Geunchogo of Baekje, who captured Pyongyang and established overseas territories to control much of the Korean peninsula and dominate the seas; Munmu and Kim Yu-sin of Silla, who united the Three Kingdoms of Korea and defeated Tang China to gain complete control of the Korean peninsula; Dae Jo-yeong, who created Balhae from Goguryeo's ashes and reconquered Goguryeo lands lost during the Goguryeo-Tang War; Jang Bogo of Later Silla, who created a maritime empire and commanded a powerful fleet; Wang Geon, who united the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea and established Goryeo as the successor to Goguryeo; and Yun Gwan of Goryeo, who defeated the Jurchens and constructed nine fortresses in Manchuria.
Today, both North Korea and South Korea field some of the largest and most lethal armies in the world. On one hand, North Korea is widely suspected of having nuclear weapons, as well as other weapons of mass destruction. South Korea, for its part, is equipped with a sophisticated conventional military with state-of-the-art weapons. In addition, South Korean troops actively participated in the Vietnam War, contributing the second largest foreign military contingent after the United States, and are currently serving in various UN peacekeeping missions around the world. The South Korean military enjoys military alliances with other countries, particularly the United States.
Timeline
Gojoseon
- Gojoseon–Yan War - 4th century B.C.
- Han conquest of Gojoseon – 109–108 BC
Buyeo
- Mohe conquest
Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea
Goguryeo
- Continuous battles with the Four Commanderies of Han
- Battle of Jwawon
- Xuantu Conquest – 302
- Lelang Conquest – 313
- Daifang Conquest – 314
- Gongsun Du's Campaign against Goguryeo – 190
- Goguryeo-Wei War – 244
- Xianbei Conquest
- Khitan Conquest
Baekje
- Malgal Conquest
- Conquest of Mahan by Baekje
Silla
Gaya
Three Kingdoms Period
Goguryeo campaigns
- Campaign of Geunchogo of Baekje: Conquest of Pyongyang
- Baekje Campaign of Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo
- Attack from Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo
- Gaya confederacy Campaign
- Goguryeo–Yamato War
- Campaigns of Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo
Goguryeo, Baekje–Silla Alliance War
- Campaign of Jangsu of Goguryeo against Silla and Baekje
- Invasion of Baekje–Silla alliance – 475
- Campaign of Baekje–Silla–Gaya armies against Goguryeo
- Battle of Gwansan – 554
- Gaya confederacy Annexation – 532/562
Other conflicts
Goguryeo–Sui War (598–614)
- Goguryeo–Sui War – 598
Goguryeo–Tang War (645–668)
- First conflict of the Goguryeo–Tang War – 645
- Battle of Ansi — 645
- Battle of Mount Jupil — 645
- Battle of Sasu — 662
- Battle of Geumsan — 667
Including Goguryeo and Baekje alliance against Tang and Silla
Baekje–Tang War (660–663)
- Baekje–Tang War – 660
Silla–Tang War (668–676)
- Other rebellions from Baekje and Goguryeo people
- Battle of Maeso fortress
North South States Period
Balhae
- Battle of Tianmenling – War of Foundation – 698
- Balhae expedition to Dengzhou – 732
- Balhae-Silla Conflicts
- Conquest of Balhae by Khitan – 926
Silla (676–935)
- Campaigns of Jang Bogo
- Kim Heonchang Rebellion
- Red Pants Rebellion
- Ungjin Commandery Conquest – 676
- Gyerim Territory Area Command Conquest – 735
- Protectorate General to Pacify the East Conquest – 773
- Ajagae Rebellion
- Gihwon Rebellion
- Yanggil Rebellion
- Later Three Kingdoms – 900~936
Goryeo Dynasty
Goryeo wars
- Northern Expansion of Manchuria
- Goryeo-Khitan War
- Campaigns of General Yun Gwan against the Jurchens (see also Korean-Jurchen border conflicts)
- Mongol invasions of Korea
- Sambyeolcho Rebellion
- Mongol invasions of Japan
- First Mongol invasion of Japan
- Second Mongol invasion of Japan
- Dongnyeong Conquest – 1290
- Ssangseong Conquest – 1356
- Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
- Liaoyang campaign - 1370
- War against Japanese piracy
- 1st Tsushima invasion
Internal strife
- Yi Ja-gyeom Rebellion
- Myo Cheong Rebellion
- Military Coup of 1170
- Kim Bodang Rebellion
- Jo Wichong Rebellion
- Mangi and Mangsoi Rebellion
- Kim Sami and Hyosim Rebellion
- Slave rebellion by Manjeok
- Wihwado Retreat
Joseon Dynasty
Conflicts
- 2nd Tsushima Conquest (Gihae Eastern expedition) – 1419
- Japanese riots in Southeast Korea (1510)
- Seven Year War (Imjin) – 1592–1598
- Northern expedition against Manchus (see also Korean-Jurchen border conflicts)
- Later Jin invasion of Joseon – 1627
- Qing invasion of Joseon – 1636
- Russian-Manchu border conflicts – 1654–1658
- French campaign against Korea
- General Sherman Incident
- United States expedition to Korea
- Ganghwa Island incident
Nationwide Internal strifes
- Yi Si-ae's Rebellion
- Yi Gwal's Rebellion
- Hong Gyeong-Rae's Rebellion
- Imo Incident
- Donghak Peasant Revolution
Korean Empire
Conflicts
1910–1945: Colonial period
- Campaigns of Independence Forces
- Actions of Korean Liberation Army
After 1945
- Korean War see South Korea in the Korean War
- Vietnam War see South Korea in the Vietnam War
- Gulf War
- War in Afghanistan
- Iraq War
- North Korea and weapons of mass destruction