National poet (Redirected from National bard)

Walt Whitman, often described as the United States' national poet
Léopold Sédar Senghor
Du Fu
Ferdowsi
Rabindranath Tagore
Shota Rustaveli
Murasaki Shikibu
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
William Shakespeare
Ausiàs March
Dante Alighieri
Luís de Camões
Miguel de Cervantes
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Alexander Pushkin
Lydia Koidula
Muhammad Iqbal
Adam Mickiewicz
Neruda
Taras Shevchenko
César Vallejo
János Arany
Robert Burns
Kazi Nazrul Islam

A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture. The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself. Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so", with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign states or countries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.

Africa

Country Poet Sources
 Algeria Si Mohand, Moufdi Zakaria
 Angola Agostinho Neto
 Egypt Ahmed Shawqi
 Ethiopia Gibreab Teferi, Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin
 Ghana Atukwei Okai, Kofi Awoonor
 Lesotho Thomas Mofolo
 Liberia Melvin B. Tolson
 Madagascar Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
 Mali Fily Dabo Sissoko
 Mauritius Léoville L'Homme
 Morocco Mohammed Awzal
 Mozambique José Craveirinha
 Namibia Mvula ya Nangolo
 Nigeria Christopher Okigbo
 Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor
 Sierra Leone Davidson Nicol
 Somalia Hadrawi
 South Africa Mazisi Kunene, S. E. K. Mqhayi
 Tanzania Shaaban bin Robert
 Tunisia Aboul-Qacem Echebbi
 Western Sahara Zaim Allal

Asia

Country (or region) Poet
 Afghanistan Rumi, Khushal Khattak
 Azerbaijan Fuzûlî, Imadaddin Nasimi, Samad Vurgun
 Bangladesh Kazi Nazrul Islam
 China Du Fu, Li Bai, Lu Xun, Luo Binwang, Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin, Song Zhiwen, Du Shenyan, Yang Jiong, Chen Zi'ang, Zhang Jiuling, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Huangfu Ran, Wang Changling, He Zhizhang, Wang Zhihuan, Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Du Mu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Wang Anshi, Li Qingzhao, Yue Fei, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang, Xin Qiji, Fan Zhongyan, Fan Chengda, Yan Shu, Su Zhe, Sima Guang, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, Wen Tianxiang
 Cambodia Preah Botumthera Som, Krom Ngoy, Chuon Nath
 India Valmiki, Jhaverchand Meghani, Vedavyasa, Kalidasa, Amir Khusrau, Daagh Dehlvi, Ghalib, Mir Taqi Mir, Tulsidas, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Rabindranath Tagore, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Thunchaththu_Ezhuthachan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Subramanya Bharathi, Kuvempu, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Nilmani Phookan, M. Govinda Pai, G.S. Shivarudrappa, Pradeep, Sohan Lal Dwivedi, Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Tanupriya Kalita, Sananta Tanty, Kumar Vishwas
 Indonesia Chairil Anwar
 Iran Ferdowsi, Rumi, Hafez, Attar, Abu Sa'eed, Sanai, Rudaki, Nezami Ganjavi, Saadi, Omar Khayyám, Nasir Khusraw, Vahshi Bafqi, Aref Qazvini, Nima Yooshij, Simin Behbahani, Adib Boroumand, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar, Parvin E'tesami
 Iraq Al-Mutanabbi, Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi, Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Muthaffar al-Nawab, Nazik Al-Malaika, Ahmed Matar, Saadi Youssef, Lamia Abbas, Maruf al Rusafi
 Israel Yehuda Amichai, Hayim Nahman Bialik
 Japan Koizumi Yakumo, Murasaki Shikibu, Matsuo Bashō, Kobayashi Issa, Ishikawa Takuboku, Tanikawa Shuntaro
 Jordan Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal
 Kazakhstan Abai Qunanbaiuli
Korea Cho Ki-chon, Yun Dongju, Han Yong-un, Park Mok-wol, Jeong Cheol
 Kurdistan Khana Qubadi, Ahmad Khani, Haji Qadir Koyi, Faqi Tayran, Sherko Bekas, Malaye Jaziri
 Kyrgyzstan Toktogul Satylganov
 Lebanon Kahlil Gibran, Said Akl
 Malaysia Usman Awang
 Mongolia Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Byambyn Rinchen, Hadaa Sendoo
 Myanmar Min Thu Wun
   Nepal Madhav Prasad Ghimire
 Pakistan Allama Muhammad Iqbal
 Palestine Mahmoud Darwish
 Philippines Francisco Balagtas
 Saudi Arabia Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi
 Sri Lanka Ananda Samarakoon
 Syria Adunis, Nizar Qabbani
 Taiwan Loa Ho, Yu Kwang-chung, Luo Fu (poet), Yang Mu
 Tajikistan Rudaki, Ferdowsi, Saadi, Molavi, Nasir Khusraw, Sadriddin Ayni, Gulnazar Keldi
 Thailand Thammathibet, Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (disputed), Sunthorn Phu, Vajiravudh, Thommayanti
 Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy
 Uzbekistan Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Mirtemir
 Vietnam Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Hồ Xuân Hương, Bà Huyện Thanh Quan, Hàn Mặc Tử, Đoàn Thị Điểm, Nguyễn Khuyến
 Yemen Abdullah Al-Baradouni, Waddah al-Yaman

Europe

Country (or region) Poet
 Albania Gjergj Fishta, Naim Frashëri
 Abkhazia Dmitry Gulia
 Andorra Albert Salvadó
 Armenia Grigor Narekatsi, Sayat-Nova, Hovhannes Tumanyan, Yeghishe Charents
 Austria Franz Grillparzer, Peter Rosegger, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy,Rainer Maria Rilke, Georg Trakl
 Bashkortostan Rami Garipov, Mustai Karim
 Belarus Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas
 Belgium Emile Verhaeren, Maurice Maeterlinck
 Catalonia Ausiàs March, Vicent Garcia, Jacint Verdaguer
 Chechnya Ismail Kerimov
 Galicia Rosalía de Castro, Eduardo Pondal, Afonso X, Castelao
 Flanders Hendrik Conscience, Guido Gezelle, Hugo Claus
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Mak Dizdar, Izet Sarajlić, Aleksa Šantić
 Bulgaria Hristo Botev, Ivan Vazov
 Croatia Marko Marulić, Miroslav Krleža
 Cyprus Vasilis Michaelides
 Czech Republic Karel Hynek Mácha, Božena Němcová, Jan Neruda
 Denmark Adam Oehlenschläger, Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard
 Faroe Islands William Heinesen
 England Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas Hardy
 Estonia Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Lydia Koidula, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
 Finland Eino Leino, Johan Ludvig Runeberg
 France Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo
 Georgia Shota Rustaveli
 Germany Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller,Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Hölderlin, Hermann Hesse
 Gibraltar Héctor Licudi
 Greece Homer, Sappho, Solon, Pindar, Dionysios Solomos
 Guernsey George Métivier
 Hungary Sándor Petőfi, János Arany
 Iceland Egill Skallagrímsson, Jónas Hallgrímsson, Hallgrímur Pétursson
 Ireland Thomas Moore, William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney
 Isle of Man T. E. Brown
 Italy Ovid, Virgil, Horace, Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio, Giosuè Carducci, Giacomo Leopardi, Ugo Foscolo, Gabriele D'Annunzio
 Jersey Wace
 Latvia Rainis, Andrejs Pumpurs
 Liechtenstein Peter Kaiser
 Lithuania Kristijonas Donelaitis, Maironis, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, Justinas Marcinkevičius
 Luxembourg Edmond de la Fontaine, Michel Rodange, Michel Lentz
 Malta Dun Karm Psaila
 Moldova Grigore Vieru, Mihai Eminescu
 Monaco Louis Notari
 Montenegro Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
 Netherlands Joost van den Vondel, Jacob Cats
 Friesland Gysbert Japicx (or Japiks)
 North Macedonia Kočo Racin, Georgi Pulevski and Kole Nedelkovski
 Norway Henrik Wergeland
 Occitania Frédéric Mistral
 Poland Jan Kochanowski, Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, Cyprian Norwid
 Portugal Luís de Camões, Fernando Pessoa
 Provence Frédéric Mistral
 Romania Mihai Eminescu
 Russia Alexander Pushkin, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, Boris Pasternak, Ivan Bunin, Ivan Turgenev
 Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov
 North Ossetia-Alania Kosta Khetagurov
 San Marino Pio Chiaruzzi
 Scotland Robert Burns, Hugh MacDiarmid
 Serbia Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, Jovan Dučić, Aleksa Šantić, Milan Rakić, Desanka Maksimović
 Kosovo Din Mehmeti, Ali Podrimja
 Slovakia Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav
 Slovenia France Prešeren
 Spain Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Federico García Lorca
 Sweden Carl Michael Bellman, Gustaf Fröding, Verner von Heidenstam, Esaias Tegnér, Evert Taube
  Switzerland Gottfried Keller, Carl Spitteler
 Tatarstan Ğabdulla Tuqay, Musa Cälil, Ravil Fayzullin, Fänis Yarullin [tt]
 Turkey Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Nâzım Hikmet
 Ukraine Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka
 Wales Dylan Thomas, Dafydd ap Gwilym

North America

Country Poets Sources
 Barbados Kamau Brathwaite
 Canada Margaret Atwood, E. Pauline Johnson, E. J. Pratt, Octave Crémazie, Al Purdy, Milton Acorn,
 Costa Rica Aquileo J. Echeverría, Jorge Debravo
 Cuba José Martí, Lezama Lima, Nicolás Guillén
 Curaçao Pierre Lauffer
 Dominican Republic Pedro Mir
 El Salvador Roque Dalton
 Greenland Henning Jakob Henrik Lund
 Guatemala Rafael Landívar
 Haiti Oswald Durand
 Honduras Roberto Sosa
 Jamaica Claude McKay
 Martinique Aimé Césaire
 Mexico Octavio Paz, Ramón López Velarde
 Nicaragua Rubén Darío
 Panama Ricardo Miró
 Puerto Rico Julia de Burgos, Giannina Braschi, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Nimia Vicéns
 Quebec Gaston Miron, Octave Crémazie
 Saint Lucia Derek Walcott
 Sint Maarten Lasana M. Sekou
 United States Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Carl Sandburg, Maya Angelou, Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, James Arlington Wright, Allen Ginsberg

Oceania

Country Poets
 Australia Dorothea Mackellar, Mary Gilmore, Judith Wright, Henry Lawson, Adam Lindsay Gordon, A. B. "Banjo" Paterson
 Fiji Kamla Prasad Mishra
 New Zealand James K. Baxter, Thomas Bracken, Allen Curnow

South America

Country Poets Sources
 Argentina José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Lugones
 Brazil Gonçalves Dias, Olavo Bilac, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Machado de Assis
 Chile Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral
 Colombia Rafael Pombo, José Asunción Silva, Álvaro Mutis
 Ecuador Remigio Crespo Toral
 Guyana Martin Carter
 Peru César Vallejo
 Suriname Trefossa
 Uruguay Juan Zorrilla de San Martín
 Venezuela Andrés Eloy Blanco

This page was last updated at 2024-03-02 05:34 UTC. Update now. View original page.

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