Ontario Peninsula
This article or section possibly contains synthesis of material which does not verifiably mention or relate to the main topic. (December 2021) |
The Ontario Peninsula is the southernmost part of the province of Ontario, and of Canada as a whole. It is bounded by Lake Huron to the west, Lake Ontario to the east, and Lake Erie to the south. At its tip, it is separated from Michigan by the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, as well as Lake St. Clair. A secondary peninsula projects toward New York on the eastern side, ending at the Niagara River.
The corner of the peninsula which lies on Lake Ontario is known as the Golden Horseshoe, and forms Canada's largest population centre. Other large cities include London and Windsor.
Climate
Like other parts of southern Canada, the Ontario Peninsula enjoys warm or hot summers with normal thunderstorm activity, including severe thunderstorms that can have hail, damaging winds, and even tornadoes during peak season. It has cold winters, snowfall can be abundant, particularly in the affected snowbelt locations but there are many winter thaw periods breaking entrenched cold. The Ontario Peninsula has a humid continental climate, specifically, the majority of it falls into the Köppen climate classification Dfb, except for Essex County,Chatham-Kent and parts of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and the Niagara Peninsula are within the Dfa zone, but the entire peninsula is near the Dfa/Dfb borderline.
History
Anishinaabe tribes, particularly the Mississaugas, are indigenous to the Ontario Peninsula. Southern Ontario was colonized by France in the 1600s, but the British gained control of Ontario after the Seven Years' War.
The Ontario Peninsula experienced much of the fighting during the War of 1812, including Americans invading it and burning York (now called Toronto). After the war, population and trade boomed, and the Welland Canal was built.
When the British divided Canada into separate provinces, Toronto became the capital of Ontario. It eventually became Canada's main economic centre.
Most populous entities
By each definition, Toronto or its corresponding entity is the most populous not only in the Ontario Peninsula but in Canada as a whole.
Most populous metropolitan areas
Rank (2016) |
Rank (2011) |
Geographic name | Type | Population (2016) |
Population (2011) |
Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Toronto (Mississauga, Brampton, Markham, Vaughan) | CMA | 5,928,040 | 5,583,064 | +6.18% |
2 | 2 | Hamilton (Burlington) | CMA | 747,545 | 721,053 | +3.67% |
3 | 3 | Kitchener–Waterloo–Cambridge | CMA | 523,894 | 496,383 | +5.54% |
4 | 4 | London | CMA | 494,069 | 474,786 | +4.06% |
5 | 5 | St. Catharines–Niagara (Niagara Falls, Welland) | CMA | 406,074 | 392,184 | +3.54% |
6 | 6 | Oshawa (Whitby, Clarington) | CMA | 379,848 | 356,177 | +6.65% |
7 | 7 | Windsor (Lakeshore) | CMA | 329,144 | 319,246 | +3.10% |
8 | 8 | Barrie (Innisfil) | CMA | 197,059 | 187,013 | +5.37% |
9 | 9 | Brantford (Brant) | CMA | 134,203 | 135,501 | −0.96% |
10 | 10 | Chatham-Kent | CA | 102,042 | 104,075 | −1.95% |
11 | 11 | Sarnia (St. Clair) | CA | 96,151 | 97,131 | −1.01% |
12 | 12 | Norfolk | CA | 64,044 | 63,175 | +1.38% |
13 | 13 | Leamington (Kingsville) | CA | 49,147 | 49,765 | −1.24% |
14 | 14 | Woodstock | CA | 40,902 | 37,754 | +8.34% |
15 | 15 | Midland (Tay, Penetanguishene) | CA | 35,859 | 35,419 | +1.24% |
16 | 16 | Owen Sound (Georgian Bluffs) | CA | 31,820 | 32,092 | −0.85% |
17 | 17 | Stratford | CA | 31,465 | 30,903 | +1.82% |
18 | 18 | Centre Wellington | CA | 28,191 | 26,693 | +5.61% |
19 | 19 | Collingwood | CA | 21,793 | 19,241 | +13.26% |
20 | 20 | Wasaga Beach | CA | 20,675 | 17,537 | +17.89% |
21 | 21 | Tillsonburg | CA | 15,872 | 15,301 | +3.73% |
22 | 22 | Ingersoll | CA | 12,757 | 12,146 | +5.03% |
Most populous municipalities
Rank (2016) |
Municipality | Municipal status | Land area (km2, 2011) |
Growth Rate
2011–2016 |
Population (2016) |
Population (2011) |
Population (2006) |
Population (2001) |
Population (1996) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | City | 630.2 | 4.46% | 2,731,571 | 2,615,060 | 2,503,281 | 2,481,494 | 2,385,421 |
2 | Mississauga | City | 292.4 | 1.14% | 721,599 | 713,443 | 668,549 | 612,925 | 544,382 |
3 | Brampton | City | 266.3 | 13.31% | 593,638 | 523,911 | 433,806 | 325,428 | 268,251 |
4 | Hamilton | City | 1,117.2 | 3.26% | 536,917 | 519,949 | 504,559 | 490,268 | 467,799 |
5 | London | City | 420.6 | 4.83% | 383,822 | 366,151 | 352,395 | 336,539 | 325,669 |
6 | Markham | City | 212.6 | 9.03% | 328,966 | 301,709 | 261,573 | 208,615 | 173,383 |
7 | Vaughan | City | 273.5 | 6.22% | 306,233 | 288,301 | 238,866 | 182,022 | 132,549 |
8 | Kitchener | City | 136.8 | 6.42% | 233,222 | 219,153 | 204,668 | 190,399 | 178,420 |
9 | Windsor | City | 146.3 | 2.99% | 217,188 | 210,891 | 216,473 | 209,218 | 197,694 |
10 | Richmond Hill | Town | 101.0 | 5.11% | 195,022 | 185,541 | 162,704 | 132,030 | 101,725 |
11 | Oakville | Town | 138.9 | 6.20% | 193,832 | 182,520 | 165,613 | 144,738 | 128,405 |
12 | Burlington | City | 185.7 | 4.29% | 183,314 | 175,779 | 164,415 | 150,836 | 136,976 |
13 | Oshawa | City | 145.68 | 6.6% | 159,458 | 149,607 | 141,590 | 139,051 | 134,364 |
14 | Barrie | City | 77.4 | 4.22% | 141,434 | 135,711 | 128,430 | 103,710 | 79,191 |
15 | St. Catharines | City | 96.1 | 1.30% | 133,113 | 131,400 | 131,989 | 129,170 | 130,926 |
16 | Guelph | City | 87.2 | 8.30% | 131,794 | 121,688 | 114,943 | 106,170 | 95,821 |
17 | Cambridge | City | 113.0 | 2.50% | 129,920 | 126,748 | 120,371 | 110,372 | 101,429 |
18 | Whitby | Town | 146.53 | 5.2% | 128,377 | 122,022 | 111,184 | 87,413 | 73,794 |
19 | Ajax | Town | 67.1 | 9.19% | 119,677 | 109,600 | 90,167 | 73,753 | 64,430 |
20 | Milton | Town | 363.2 | 30.54% | 110,128 | 84,362 | 53,939 | 31,471 | 32,104 |
21 | Waterloo | City | 64.0 | 6.28% | 104,986 | 98,780 | 97,475 | 86,543 | 77,949 |
22 | Chatham-Kent | Municipality | 2,458.1 | -1.95% | 101,647 | 103,671 | 108,177 | 107,341 | 109,950 |
23 | Brantford | City | 72.5 | 4.11% | 97,496 | 93,650 | 90,192 | 86,417 | 86,417 |
24 | Pickering | City | 231.6 | 3.44% | 91,771 | 88,721 | 87,838 | 87,139 | 78,989 |
25 | Niagara Falls | City | 209.7 | 6.11% | 88,071 | 82,997 | 82,184 | 78,815 | 76,917 |
26 | Newmarket | Town | 38.3 | 5.31% | 84,224 | 79,978 | 74,295 | 65,788 | 57,125 |
27 | Sarnia | City | 164.7 | -1.07% | 71,594 | 72,366 | 71,419 | 70,876 | 72,738 |
28 | Caledon | Town | 688.2 | 11.84% | 66,502 | 59,460 | 57,050 | 50,605 | 39,893 |
29 | Norfolk County | City | 1,607.6 | 1.38% | 64,044 | 63,175 | 62,563 | 60,847 | 60,534 |
30 | Halton Hills | Town | 276.3 | 3.64% | 61,161 | 59,013 | 55,289 | 48,184 | 42,390 |
31 | Aurora | Town | 49.8 | 4.21% | 55,445 | 53,203 | 47,629 | 40,167 | 34,857 |
32 | Welland | City | 81.1 | 3.28% | 52,293 | 50,631 | 50,331 | 48,402 | 48,411 |
Most populous population centres
Rank | Population centre | Size group | Population in 2016 | Population in 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Toronto | Large urban | 5,429,524 | 5,144,412 |
2 | Hamilton | Large urban | 693,645 | 671,008 |
3 | Waterloo | Large urban | 470,015 | 446,295 |
4 | London | Large urban | 383,437 | 365,715 |
5 | Windsor | Large urban | 287,069 | 277,970 |
6 | St. Catharines–Niagara | Large urban | 229,246 | 220,616 |
7 | Barrie | Large urban | 145,614 | 140,383 |
8 | Guelph | Large urban | 132,397 | 122,457 |
9 | Milton | Large urban | 101,715 | 75,880 |
10 | Brantford | Medium | 98,179 | 94,269 |
11 | Sarnia | Medium | 72,125 | 73,044 |
12 | Welland–Pelham | Medium | 62,388 | 60,540 |
13 | Chatham | Medium | 43,550 | 44,676 |
14 | Georgetown | Medium | 42,123 | 40,185 |
15 | St. Thomas | Medium | 41,813 | 40,973 |
16 | Woodstock | Medium | 40,404 | 37,443 |
17 | Leamington | Medium | 32,991 | 32,520 |
18 | Stouffville | Small | 32,634 | 24,654 |
19 | Stratford | Medium | 31,053 | 30,516 |
20 | Orangeville | Medium | 30,734 | 29,007 |
21 | Bradford | Small | 29,862 | 23,024 |
22 | Keswick–Elmhurst Beach | Small | 26,757 | 26,002 |
23 | Bolton | Small | 26,378 | 27,108 |
24 | Midland | Medium | 24,353 | 23,791 |
25 | Innisfil | Small | 23,992 | 20,365 |
26 | Owen Sound | Small | 22,032 | 22,354 |
27 | Fergus | Small | 20,767 | 19,335 |
28 | Collingwood | Small | 20,102 | 17,986 |
29 | Alliston | Small | 18,809 | 15,343 |
30 | Wasaga Beach | Small | 17,808 | 15,378 |
31 | Tillsonburg | Small | 15,594 | 14,933 |
32 | Port Colborne | Small | 15,037 | 15,079 |
33 | Fort Erie | Small | 14,621 | 14,490 |
34 | Strathroy | Small | 14,401 | 14,391 |
35 | Simcoe | Small | 13,922 | 13,383 |
36 | Amherstburg | Small | 13,910 | 13,724 |
37 | New Hamburg | Small | 13,595 | 11,709 |
38 | Angus–Borden CFB-BFC | Small | 12,640 | 10,132 |
39 | Ingersoll | Small | 12,587 | 11,977 |
40 | Paris | Small | 12,310 | 11,722 |
41 | Beamsville | Small | 11,834 | 10,655 |
42 | Elmira | Small | 10,161 | 9,677 |
43 | Wallaceburg | Small | 10,098 | 10,127 |
44 | Caledonia | Small | 9,674 | 9,871 |
45 | Acton | Small | 9,462 | 9,506 |
46 | Binbrook | Small | 8,794 | 4,926 |
47 | Crystal Beach | Small | 8,524 | 8,059 |
48 | Kincardine | Small | 8,315 | 7,802 |
49 | Shelburne | Small | 8,126 | 5,841 |
50 | Port Elgin | Small | 7,862 | 7,304 |
51 | Aylmer | Small | 7,621 | 7,249 |
52 | Goderich | Small | 7,536 | 7,327 |
53 | Sutton | Small | 7,531 | 6,694 |
54 | Listowel | Small | 7,530 | 6,828 |
55 | Essex | Small | 7,446 | 7,127 |
56 | Hanover | Small | 7,413 | 7,240 |
57 | King | Small | 6,970 | 4,603 |
58 | St. Marys | Small | 6,951 | 6,373 |
59 | Port Dover | Small | 6,161 | 5,710 |
59 | Dunnville | Small | 5,759 | 5,267 |
61 | Corunna | Small | 5,686 | 5,892 |
62 | Chippawa | Small | 5,620 | 5,246 |
63 | Smithville | Small | 5,489 | 4,842 |
64 | Tay | Small | 5,408 | 5,217 |
65 | Petrolia | Small | 5,375 | 5,144 |
66 | Tottenham | Small | 5,143 | 4,720 |
67 | Mount Albert | Small | 4,925 | 4,044 |
68 | Meaford | Small | 4,910 | 4,860 |
69 | Tilbury | Small | 4,768 | 4,675 |
70 | Mississauga Beach | Small | 4,662 | 4,349 |
71 | Exeter | Small | 4,649 | 4,210 |
72 | Mount Forest | Small | 4,643 | 4,466 |
73 | Rockwood | Small | 4,629 | 4,290 |
74 | Nobleton | Small | 4,614 | 2,554 |
75 | Mitchell | Small | 4,573 | 4,257 |
76 | Walkerton | Small | 4,517 | 4,403 |
77 | Blenheim | Small | 4,344 | 4,595 |
78 | Caledon East | Small | 4,282 | 2,706 |
79 | Delhi | Small | 4,240 | 4,172 |
80 | Ayr | Small | 4,171 | 3,909 |
81 | Vineland | Small | 4,074 | 3,807 |
82 | Stayner | Small | 4,029 | 3,844 |
83 | Dorchester | Small | 3,911 | 4,003 |
84 | Beeton | Small | 3,730 | 3,730 |
85 | Southampton | Small | 3,678 | 3,382 |
86 | St. George | Small | 3,255 | 3,124 |
87 | Wellesley | Small | 3,246 | 2,929 |
88 | Ballantrae | Small | 3,223 | 2,994 |
89 | Waterford | Small | 3,132 | 3,027 |
90 | Clinton | Small | 3,049 | 2,979 |
91 | Ridgetown | Small | 3,002 | 2,986 |
92 | Tavistock | Small | 2,955 | 2,784 |
93 | Hagersville | Small | 2,939 | 2,579 |
94 | Virgil | Small | 2,937 | 2,734 |
95 | Wingham | Small | 2,934 | 2,875 |
96 | Wheatley | Small | 2,898 | 2,934 |
97 | Norwich | Small | 2,852 | 2,707 |
98 | Harrow | Small | 2,710 | 2,713 |
99 | Schomberg | Small | 2,691 | 2,321 |
100 | Grand Bend | Small | 2,684 | 2,564 |
101 | Seaforth | Small | 2,680 | 2,627 |
102 | Erin | Small | 2,647 | 2,523 |
103 | Palmerston | Small | 2,624 | 2,599 |
104 | Durham | Small | 2,609 | 2,635 |
105 | Lucan | Small | 2,541 | 2,014 |
106 | Thornbury | Small | 2,485 | 2,363 |
107 | Dresden | Small | 2,451 | 2,385 |
108 | Wyoming | Small | 2,361 | 2,248 |
109 | Arthur | Small | 2,333 | 2,314 |
110 | Elmvale | Small | 2,314 | 2,248 |
111 | Forest | Small | 2,277 | 2,389 |
112 | Colchester | Small | 2,229 | 2,104 |
113 | Port Stanley | Small | 2,148 | 2,270 |
114 | Glencoe | Small | 2,126 | 2,065 |
115 | Thamesford | Small | 2,116 | 1,953 |
116 | Drayton | Small | 2,111 | 1,775 |
117 | Dundalk | Small | 2,046 | 1,988 |
118 | Wiarton | Small | 1,989 | 2,034 |
119 | St. Jacobs | Small | 1,988 | 1,891 |
120 | Carlisle | Small | 1,869 | 1,879 |
121 | McGregor | Small | 1,859 | 1,474 |
122 | Ilderton | Small | 1,856 | 1,700 |
123 | Chesley | Small | 1,843 | 1,895 |
124 | Mount Brydges | Small | 1,842 | 1,834 |
125 | Harriston | Small | 1,797 | 1,700 |
126 | Parkhill | Small | 1,737 | 1,853 |
127 | Cayuga | Small | 1,713 | 1,622 |
128 | Oro Station–Hawkestone | Small | 1,691 | 1,682 |
129 | Everett | Small | 1,670 | 1,645 |
130 | Grand Valley | Small | 1,643 | 1,476 |
131 | Milverton | Small | 1,576 | 1,476 |
132 | Watford | Small | 1,536 | 1,491 |
133 | Caledon | Small | 1,482 | 1,572 |
134 | Dutton | Small | 1,368 | 1,300 |
135 | Plattsville | Small | 1,366 | 1,143 |
136 | West Lorne | Small | 1,337 | 1,415 |
137 | Mildmay | Small | 1,219 | 1,178 |
138 | Markdale | Small | 1,216 | 1,175 |
139 | Cookstown | Small | 1,214 | 975 |
140 | Claremont | Small | 1,202 | 1,175 |
141 | Stevensville | Small | 1,179 | 1,054 |
142 | Creemore | Small | 1,170 | 1,147 |
143 | Bourget | Small | 1,169 | 1,080 |
144 | Belmont | Small | 1,140 | 1,026 |
145 | Lucknow | Small | 1,121 | 1,095 |
146 | New Dundee | Small | 1,119 | 1,219 |
147 | Bayfield | Small | 1,112 | 951 |
148 | Port Rowan | Small | 1,102 | 1,069 |
149 | Stoney Point | Small | 1,087 | 1,146 |
150 | Paisley | Small | 1,045 | 998 |
151 | Palgrave | Small | 1,044 | 1,002 |
152 | Jarvis | Small | 1,037 | 913 |