Parris Glendening

Parris Glendening
59th Governor of Maryland
In office
January 18, 1995 – January 15, 2003
LieutenantKathleen Kennedy Townsend
Preceded byWilliam Donald Schaefer
Succeeded byBob Ehrlich
Chair of the National Governors Association
In office
July 11, 2000 – August 7, 2001
Preceded byMike Leavitt
Succeeded byJohn Engler
Executive of Prince George's County
In office
1983–1994
Preceded byLawrence Hogan
Succeeded byWayne K. Curry
Personal details
Born
Parris Nelson Glendening

(1942-06-11) June 11, 1942 (age 81)
New York City, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)Lynne Shaw (divorced 1970s)
(m. 1976; div. 2001)

Jennifer Crawford
(m. 2002)
EducationBroward College
Florida State University (BA, MA, PhD)
Signature

Parris Nelson Glendening (born June 11, 1942) is an American politician and academic who served as the 59th governor of Maryland from January 18, 1995, to January 15, 2003. Previously, he was the county executive of Prince George's County, Maryland from 1982 to 1994 as a member of the Democratic Party. In 1999, Glendening was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Early life, education, and academic career

Glendening was born in The Bronx, New York City, but later in his youth moved to the state of Florida. Raised Catholic, he attended St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Fort Lauderdale. He won a financial scholarship to Broward Community College.

Other financial aid later enabled him to attend the Florida State University, where he received a bachelor's degree (1964), a master's degree (1965), and a PhD (1967), becoming the youngest student in FSU history to receive a doctorate in political science.

When he graduated, he taught government and politics as a professor at the University of Maryland at College Park for 27 years. In 1977, he co-authored Pragmatic Federalism: An Intergovernmental View of American Government with Mavis Mann Reeves.[citation needed]

Local politics

Glendening's career in public service began in 1973 as a city councilman in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Hyattsville, Maryland. He was elected to the county council of Prince George's County, Maryland, in 1974 and twice served as the council chairman. In 1982, he was elected as the county executive of Prince George's county, eventually becoming the first county executive in Maryland history to be elected to three terms (1982–94). Under Glendening's leadership, Prince George's county was selected as an "All America County" by the National Civic League, and City and State Magazine named him the "most valuable county official" in the nation. He and his top aides stood to benefit from a controversial Prince George's county supplemental retirement plan that was not widely disclosed by the press until after he was elected governor in an extremely close contest.

Governor of Maryland

Elections

Glendening was elected to his first term as governor of Maryland, edging out Ellen Sauerbrey, the Republican nominee, by 5,993 votes. Sauerbrey challenged the result in Maryland circuit court claiming that widespread voting by dead people occurred in the African American community. No evidence of ballots cast in the names of dead voters was introduced in court. On the eve of the trial, Sauerbrey's attorneys talked of 89 such votes, but checking by reporters found no such ballots. Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. ruled against Sauerbrey's claim and certified Glendening's win. Glendening became the first Maryland governor elected from the Washington, D.C., metropolitan region since Oden Bowie was elected in 1867.[citation needed] In 1998, Glendening won re-election to a second term, again defeating Sauerbrey, this time 55% to 44%.[citation needed]

Tenure

Glendening with President Bill Clinton at Oriole Park in April 1996

Glendening's early administration was marked by tax reform and economic development. From 1994 to 1998, he cut or lowered more than 50 Maryland taxes, including the state personal income tax. By the end of his first term, Maryland's national rank in job creation had moved from 43rd to 14th. Glendening's job creation efforts focused mainly on biotechnology. Seeking to make Maryland a world leader in this area, Glendening successfully recruited companies such as Human Genome Sciences, Gallow Lab, and Qiagen to Maryland. As of June 2014, Maryland was home to the second-largest biotech cluster per capita in the U.S.

Glendening also assisted in successfully bringing the National Football League teams Washington Redskins from Robert F. Kennedy Stadium in the neighboring District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) who now play in a new stadium in Landover, with then owner Jack Kent Cooke, and the relocated franchise Baltimore Ravens, from Cleveland, Ohio, as the former Cleveland Browns with owner Art Modell to play in Baltimore after two years in a new stadium as part of the sports complex at Camden Yards, west of the redeveloped Inner Harbor. Glendening personally negotiated the relocation agreements with both owners and then undertook a politically heated battle against members of his own party – led by state senator Chris Van Hollen (future representative and senator) – to build the teams' new stadiums and pay for the needed road improvements and public works infrastructure.

During Glendening's second term, serious ongoing environmental issues concerning the Chesapeake Bay and the overdevelopment of rural areas prompted him to focus on issues of growth and environmental stewardship. Glendening is widely recognized as a pioneer in land development issues and is credited for coining the phrase "Smart Growth."

In 2001, Maryland legislators passed a bill that Glendening had promoted for the previous two years banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Glendening signed the bill.

Though overseeing the executions of Flint Gregory Hunt in 1997 and Tyrone Delano Gilliam Jr. in 1998, Glendening halted executions in Maryland by an executive order on May 9, 2002. Glendening's successor, Robert Ehrlich, lifted the ban during his term in office. The ban was re-instituted by Ehrlich's successor, former Baltimore mayor, Martin O'Malley, who eventually signed a bill in 2013 ending Maryland's use of capital punishment.

2002 gubernatorial election

During the 2002 Maryland gubernatorial election, Glendening was not eligible to run due to the state constitutional term limit. His lieutenant governor, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, was nominated by the Democrats to run. Townsend was damaged during the election due to wide criticism by rural voters, especially farmers, directed at Glendening for what they considered overzealous environmental legislation aimed at preventing rain runoff of pollutants from farm soils into tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, that significantly raised the cost of participating in agribusiness.

Townsend lost the election, 48% to 52%, to the Republican U.S. representative Robert Ehrlich of Arbutus. Ehrlich ran an inclusive campaign focusing on his bipartisan work in Congress and his pro-choice stance on abortion and moderate voting record. His efforts resulted in record voter turnout in Maryland's rural and suburban counties. At the same time, Townsend's campaign was plagued with missteps emblematic of which was her unpopular lieutenant governor choice, retired admiral Charles R. Larson, who had never been involved in politics and had changed parties only weeks before. Townsend's selection of Larson, which she made without consulting the Democratic leaders in the state, was a point of controversy in the campaign. Ehrlich was victorious in November 2002, taking office in the Maryland State House in Annapolis in January 2003.

Post political career

Glendening in 2017
Glendening with Governor Wes Moore in 2023

Glendening left office on January 15, 2003, with low approval ratings, and he largely stayed out of the limelight. He and his successor, Robert Ehrlich, informally agreed not to criticize one another. Glendening quietly continued his advocacy work for Smart Growth.

Glendening broke his three-and-a-half-year silence in late August 2006, when he endorsed Kweisi Mfume for the U.S. Senate. Mfume eventually lost the Democratic primary to Representative Ben Cardin, who went on to win the Senate seat replacing longtime incumbent Paul Sarbanes.

Glendening did not attend the inauguration of governor Martin O'Malley on January 17, 2007.

Personal life

On November 19, 2001, Glendening divorced Frances Hughes Glendening. He married one of his deputy chiefs of staff, Jennifer Crawford, his third wife, on January 25, 2002. At the time of their marriage, Crawford was 35 and Glendening was 59. They have a daughter, born in August 2002, marking the first time since 1879 that a Maryland governor had a baby born during his term of office.

Glendening's brother, Bruce, died of AIDS in 1992.

Glendening regards University Park, Maryland, as his hometown, near the University of Maryland at College Park campus.

Electoral history

Maryland Gubernatorial Election, 1998
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Parris Glendening (incumbent) 846,972 55.14
Republican Ellen Sauerbrey 688,357 44.82
Maryland Gubernatorial Election, 1994
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Parris Glendening 708,094 50.21
Republican Ellen Sauerbrey 702,101 49.78
Maryland Gubernatorial Election, 1994 – Democratic Primary
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Parris Glendening 293,314 53.59
Democratic American Joe Miedusiewski 100,296 18.32
Democratic Melvin Steinberg 82,308 15.04
Democratic Mary Boergers 46,888 8.57
Democratic Don Allensworth 15,680 2.87
Democratic Walter Gilchrist Finch 5,369 0.98

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