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- April - June
- Morgan County, WV (April 10)
- Jenkins, GA (April 13)
- Sylvester, Georgia (April 14)
- Pickens, Mississippi (May 5)
- Philadelphia (May 9)
- Charleston, SC (May 10)
- Sylvester, Georgia (May 10)
- El Dorado, Arkansas (May 21)
- Milan, Georgia (May 26)
- Putnam County, GA (May 27-8)
- New London, CT (May 30)
- Monticello, Mississippi (May 31)
- Macon, MS (June 7)
- Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
- Bibb County, Alabama (June 18)
- Annapolis (June 27)
- Macon, Mississippi (June 27)
- New London, CT (June 29)
- July
- Bisbee, AZ (July 3)
- Dublin, Georgia riot (July 6)
- Philadelphia (July 7)
- Coatesville, PA (July 8)
- Tuscaloosa, Alabama (July 9)
- Longview, TX (July 10–12)
- Baltimore (July 11)
- Garfield Park, IN (July 14)
- Port Arthur, TX (July 15)
- Louise, Mississippi (July 15)
- Washington D.C. (July 19–24)
- New York City (July 20)
- Norfolk, VA (July 21)
- New Orleans, Louisiana (July 23)
- Darby, PA (July 23)
- Newberry, SC (July 24)
- Hobson City, Alabama (July 26)
- Chicago (July 27-August 3)
- Newberry, South Carolina (July 28)
- Bloomington, Illinois (July 31)
- Philadelphia (July 31)
- Syracuse, NY (July 31)
- August - November
- Whatley, AL (August 1)
- Lincoln, Arkansas (August 3)
- Hattiesburg, Mississippi (August 4)
- Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
- New York City (August 21)
- Austin, TX (August 22)
- Laurens County, GA (August 27-29)
- Knoxville (August 30–31)
- Bogalusa, Louisiana (August 31)
- Clarksdale, Mississippi (September 10)
- Omaha (September 28–29)
- Montgomery, Alabama (September 29)
- Elaine, AR (September 30–October 1)
- Baltimore (October 1-2)
- Corbin, KY (October 31)
- Macon, Georgia (November 2)
- Ocoee, FL (November 2-3)
- Magnolia, Arkansas (November 11)
- Wilmington, DE (November 13)
- Bogalusa, LA (November 22)
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There were a number of race riots in Philadelphia during the 1919 Red Summer.
Background
As more and more African-Americans moved from the south to the industrial north, they started to move into predominantly white neighborhoods. In 1918, for four days starting July 25, there was a race riot in Chester and Philadelphia. When things finally settled down, 3 black and 2 white people had died from their injuries.
May 1919
In Philadelphia, the black migration created very high tensions in the area surrounding Twenty-fifth and Pine streets. Making things worse a local gang had been terrorizing the new black tenants. On May 9, a large mob of white people clashed with a large black group. The mob then broke open the door at 2535 Pine street and tried to
eject George Grahm and his black family who had moved there a week earlier. A number of people were later arrested.
July 1919
The New York Times wrote an article that described two riots during the Red Summer, one on July 7 and 31. Authors Rucker & Upton talk about during a carnival, a large group of whites fought a group of blacks. The violence was quickly suppressed when over 100 police showed up and made arrests.
Aftermath
This uprising was one of several incidents of civil unrest that took place during the so-called Red Summer of 1919. The Summer consisted of terrorist attacks on black communities, and white oppression, in over three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked African-American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the Elaine Massacre in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 black people and 5 white people were killed. Also occurring in 1919 were the Chicago Race Riot and Washington D.C. race riot which killed 38 and 39 people respectively, with both events having many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching millions of dollars.
See also
Bibliography
Notes
References
- The Kansas City Sun (July 26, 1919). "Riot in Philadelphia". The Kansas City Sun. Kansas City, Missouri: N.C. Crews. pp. 1–8. ISSN 2166-8329. OCLC 21244408. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
- The New York Times (October 5, 1919). "For Action on Race Riot Peril". The New York Times. New York, NY. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
- Rucker, Walter C.; Upton, James N. (2007). Encyclopedia of American Race Riots, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313333026. - Total pages: 930
- Voogd, Jan (2008). Race Riots and Resistance: The Red Summer of 1919. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433100673. - Total pages: 234
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July |
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- Bisbee, Arizona (July 3)
- Dublin, Georgia (July 6)
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (July 7)
- Coatesville, Pennsylvania (July 8)
- Tuscaloosa, Alabama (July 9)
- Longview, Texas (July 10-12)
- Baltimore, Maryland (July 11)
- Garfield Park riot of 1919 (July 14)
- Port Arthur, Texas (July 15)
- Louise, Mississippi (July 15)
- Washington, D.C. (July 19-24)
- New York City, New York (July 20)
- Norfolk, Virginia (July 21)
- New Orleans, Louisiana (July 23)
- Darby, Pennsylvania (July 23)
- Gilmer, Texas (July 24)
- Newberry, SC (July 24)
- Hobson City, Alabama (July 26)
- Chicago, Illinois (July 27-Aug 3)
- Newberry, South Carolina (July 28)
- Bloomington, Illinois (July 31)
- Syracuse, New York (July 31)
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (July 31)
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Before 1900 | |
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1900–1940 | |
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After 1940 | |
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Multiple victims |
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- Death of Joseph Smith (Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith) (1844)
- Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre (1858)
- Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX (1862)
- New York City draft riots (1863)
- Detroit race riot (1863)
- ? Lachenais and four others (1863)
- Fort Pillow, TN, massacre (1864)
- Plummer Gang (1864)
- Memphis massacre (1866)
- Gallatin County, KY, race riot (1866)
- New Orleans massacre of 1866
- Reno Brothers Gang (1868)
- Camilla, GA, massacre (1868)
- Steve Long and two half-brothers (1868)
- Pulaski, TN, riot (1868)
- Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman (1868)
- Opelousas, LA, massacre (1868)
- Bear River City riot (1868)
- Chinese massacre of 1871
- Meridian, MS, race riot (1871)
- Colfax, LA, massacre (1873)
- Election riot of 1874 (AL)
- Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya (1874)
- Benjamin and Mollie French (1876)
- Ellenton, SC, riot (1876)
- Hamburg, SC, massacre (1876)
- Thibodeax, LA, massacre (1878)
- Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer (1879)
- New Orleans 1891 lynchings (1891)
- Ruggles Brothers (CA) (1892)
- Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN) (1892)
- Porter and Spencer (MS) (1897)
- Phoenix, SC, election riot (1898)
- Wilmington, NC, insurrection (1898)
- Julia and Frazier Baker (1898)
- Pana, IL, riot (1899)
- Watkinsville lynching (1905)
- Atlanta race riot (1906)
- Kemper County, MS (1906)
- Walker family (1908)
- Springfield race riot of 1908
- Slocum, TX, massacre (1910)
- Laura and L.D. Nelson (1911)
- Harris County, GA, lynchings (1912)
- Forsyth County, GA (1912)
- Newberry, FL, lynchings (1916)
- East St. Louis, IL, riots (1917)
- Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA (1918)
- Jenkins County, GA, riot (1919)
- Longview, TX, race riot (1919)
- Elaine, AR, race riot (1919)
- Omaha race riot of 1919
- Knoxville riot of 1919
- Red Summer (1919)
- Duluth, MN, lynchings (1920)
- Ocoee, FL, massacre (1920)
- Tulsa race massacre (1921)
- Perry, FL, race riot (1922)
- Rosewood, FL, massacre (1923)
- Jim and Mark Fox (1927)
- Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith (1930)
- Tate County, MS (1932)
- Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes (1933)
- Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels (1937)
- Beaumont, TX, Race Riot (1943)
- O'Day Short, wife, and two children (1945)
- Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings (1946)
- Harry and Harriette Moore (1952)
- Anniston, AL (1961)
- Freedom Summer Murders (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner) (1964)
- Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore (1964)
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