Sasaram

Sasaram
City
Sher Shah Suri's Tomb, Sasaram
Location in Sasaram block
Location in Sasaram block
Sasaram is located in Bihar
Sasaram
Sasaram
Location in Bihar, India
Sasaram is located in India
Sasaram
Sasaram
Sasaram (India)
Coordinates: 24°57′N 84°02′E / 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03
Country India
StateBihar
DivisionPatna
DistrictRohtas
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation (Updated)
 • BodySasaram Municipal Corporation
 • Member of ParliamentChhedi Paswan
(Bharatiya Janata Party)
 • MayorKajal Kumari
 • Vice-MayorSatyavati Devi
 • District MagistrateDharmendra Kumar, Indian Administrative Service
 • Superintendent of PoliceVineet Kumar , Indian Police Service
Elevation110 m (360 ft)
Population
(2020)
 • Total358,283
 • Rank288th
DemonymSasaramite
Language
 • OfficialHindi
 • Additional officialUrdu
 • RegionalBhojpuri
Time zoneUTC+5:30
PIN
821115
Telephone code06184
Vehicle registrationBR-24
Railway StationSasaram Junction
WebsiteOfficial District Website

Sasaram (English: // (listen)) sometimes also spelled as Sahasram, is an ancient historical city and a municipal corporation region in the Rohtas district of the Bihar state in eastern India, with a history that goes to thousands of years. During the prehistoric age, Buddha walked through this way and lived for some days and then travelled to Gaya to be enlightened with verity and wisdom under the Mahabodhi tree, the city is also known as gateway of "Vihar" to visit rest "Bihar" including Gaya, Rajgriha, and Nalanda.

It has also served as the capital of the Sur dynasty during Shershah Suri ruled over India in 16th Century, and was residence place sub capital of epic monarch Sahstrabahu (Kartivirya Arjuna). T

Sasaram and the Kaimur range contain waterfalls, lakes, rivers and picturesque locations as described by the Ain-I-Akbari. Over 200 waterfalls emerge during the rainy season. Dharohar - Karamchat Waterfall, Geetaghat Heaven Holy Waterfall, Panari Ghat/Gaurav Waterfalls, Manjharkund, Dhuvan Kund, Sitakund, Kashish, Mahadev Khoh & Tutla Bhavani Waterfalls are among the most famous. Telhar Kund, Karkat Garh, Mundeshwari Waterfall, Bansi Khoh, Netua Kund, and Chandradhari Waterfalls in the nearby Kaimur range are also well known .

Modern Sasaram city covers the largest sub-metropolitan area of Bihar. It has many famous religious and historical spots to visit such as Shershah tomb, Rohtasgarh fort, Indrapuri Dam, Karamchat Dam Shergarh fort, Kandhar fort, Sacred Tarachandi Shaktipith, Bhaluni dham, Mahadev Khoh, Chaurasan temple, Gupta Dham, Tutla Bhawani temple, Pilot Baba Dham, Godaila Pahad Temple, Anicat Dam, and the Eco park.

Sasaram city is located in the middle of its other sub-towns like Nokha & Kudra which has a large number of agriculture based industries, and the city is also emerging as an educational hub.[citation needed] It is situated in the middle of other industrial twin towns like Dehri-on-sone, Dalmianagar, Sonnagar, Amjhor, Nokha and Banjari.

The main posh places of the sub-metropolitan area are Raj Colony, Gauraxni, New Area, Takiya bazar, Tomb Area and Fazalganj commercial zones, Sahu Cinemax - Mall & Railway cricket stadium area. Several malls have been opened along with the best 3-4 star hotels with good medical facilities in the city and is a medical hub of old Shahabad District too.

Sasaram city Region is the administrative headquarters of Rohtas District, Bihar India. It became a district carved out from Shahabad District in 1972. This district headquarter is best known for having the highest literacy rate and highest agricultural & forest cover area of Bihar.[citation needed] Sasaram is also the headquarters of a community development block of the same name, with a total population of 358,283 as of 2011, making it the most populous block in Rohtas district.

It is known for the production of cement, fertilizers, stone chips, and for the quarrying industry and also Sasaram district is popularly known as the "bowl of rice".

Major languages spoken in this region are Bhojpuri, Hindi, English and Urdu; religions include Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Sikhism, and Jainism.

History

During the Vedic age, Sasaram was a part of the ancient Kashi kingdom. Sasaram name is originated from the Sahastrarama, meaning a thousand groves. Sasaram was once also named Shah Serai (meaning "Place of King") as it is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern India, what is now Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years, after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and the British Raj including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from Kabul to Bengal, also called the Grand Trunk Road.

Sher Shah Suri's 122 feet (37 m) red sandstone tomb, built in the Indo-Afghan style stands in the middle of an artificial lake in Sasaram. It borrows heavily from the Lodhi style, and was once covered in blue and yellow glazed tiles indicating an Iranian influence. The massive free standing dome also has an aesthetic aspect of the Buddhist stupa style of the Mauryan period. The tomb of Sher Shah's father Hasan Khan Suri is also at Sasaram, and stands in the middle of a green field at Sherganj, which is known as Sukha Rauza. About a kilometer to the north west of Sher Shah's tomb lies the incomplete and dilapidated tomb of his son and successor, Islam Shah Suri. Sasaram also has a Baulia, a pool used by the emperor's consorts for bathing.

The fort of Sher Shah Suri at Rohtasgarh is in Sasaram. This fort has a history dating back to the 7th century AD. It was built by Raja Harishchandra, known for his truthfulness in the name of his son Rohitashwa. It houses the Churasan temple, Ganesh temple, diwan-e khas, diwan-e-aam, and various other structures dating back to different centuries. The fort also served as the headquarters of Raja Man Singh during his reign as the governor of Bihar and Bengal under the regime of Akbar. The Rohtaas fort in Bihar should not be confused with another fort of the same name, near Jhelum, Punjab, in what is now Pakistan. The Rohtaas fort in Sasaram was also built by Sher Shah Suri, during the period when Humayun was exiled from Hindustan.

There is a temple of Goddess Tarachandi, two miles to the south, and an inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi. Hindus in large number assemble to worship the goddess. Dhuwan Kund, located about 36 km (22 mi).[citation needed]

There are several monuments near Sasaram, the headquarter of Rohtas district, including Akbarpur, Deomarkandey, Rohtas Garh, Shergarh, TaraChandi, Dhuwan Kund, Gupta Dham, Bhaluni Dham, Historical Gurudwara and Tombs of Chandan Shaheed, Hasan Khan Sur, Sher Shah, Salim Sah and Alawal Khan.

Rohtas, south of Sasaram, is known to have been the residence of one Satyawadi Raja Harischandra, named for his son, Rohitashwa.

Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka

Sasaram is also famous for an inscription by Ashoka (one of the thirteen Minor Rock Edicts), situated in a small cave of Kaimur hill, near Chandan Shaheed.

The edict is located near the top of the terminal spur of the Kimur Range near Sasaram. There is the Minor rock edict #1 only Ashoka famously mentions pre-existing stone pillars in the Edict: "...And where there are stone pillars here in my dominion, there also cause it to be engraved.". 24°56′29″N 84°02′18″E / 24.94138°N 84.03833°E / 24.94138; 84.03833

The Sasaram Edict (Minor Rock Edict No.1 only).
  1. Devanampriya [speaks] thus.
  2. .................. years since I am a lay-worshipper (upasaka).
  3. But (I had) not been very zealous.
  4. A year and somewhat more (has passed) since ............
  5. And men in Jambudvipa, being during that time unmingled with the gods, have (now) been made (by me) mingled with the gods.
  6. [For] this is the fruit [of zeal].
  7. ...........cannot be reached by (persons of) high rank alone, (but) even a lowly (person) is able to attain even the great heaven if he is zealous.
  8. Now, for the following purpose (has) this proclamation (been issued), (that) both the lowly and the exalted may be zealous, and (that) even (my) borderers may know (it), and (that this) zeal may be of long duration,
  9. And this matter will (be made by me to) progress, and will (be made to) progress even considerably; it will (be made to) progress to one and a half, to at least one and a half.
  10. And this proclamation (was issued by me) on tour.
  11. Two hundred and fifty-six nights (had then been) spent on tour, — (in figures) 256.
  12. And cause ye this matter to be engraved on rocks.
  13. And where there are stone pillars here (in my dominions), there also cause (it) to be engraved.
— Sasaram Edict (Translated in Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch)

Tomb of Sher Shah Suri

Coordinates: 24°56′N 84°01′E / 24.933°N 84.017°E / 24.933; 84.017

Mausoleum of Sher Shah
Mausoleum of Hasan Shah

This site is included in UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative list.

Tomb of Sher Shah, built in the middle of the town, is one of the noblest specimens of Pathan architecture in India, is an imposing structure of stone, standing in the middle of a fine tank, and was built towards the middle of sixteenth century. Its height from the floor to the apex of the dome is 101 feet (31 m) and its total height above the water is over 150 feet (46 m) feet. The octagon forming the tomb has an interior diameter of 75 feet (23 m) feet and an exterior diameter of 104 feet (32 m) feet. The tomb is the second highest in India which attracts tourists. The tomb of Shershah Suri at Sasaram is an imposing structure of stone standing in the middle of a fine tank and rising from a large stone terrace. This terrace rests obliquely on a platform with a flight of steps leading to the water's edge. The upper terrace is enclosed by a battlemented parapet wall with octagonal domed chambers at four corners, two small projecting pillared balconies on each of its four sides and pierced with a doorway in the east forms the only approach to the tomb. In the middle of the upper terrace stands the building of the mausoleum on a low octagonal plinth. The building consists of a very large octagonal chamber surrounded by a wide verandah on al the four sides. Internally, the verandah is covered by a series of 24 small domes, each supported on four arches but as the roof is a pillared cupola adorned by panels of white glazed tiles now much discoloured. The tomb chamber has three lofty arches on each of the eight sides. They rise 22 feet (6.7 m) higher than the verandah roof and support the magnificent and lofty dome which is one of the largest domes in India. Surrounding the main dome are eight pillared cupolas on the corners of the octagon of the chamber walls. The interior of the tomb is sufficiently well ventilated and lighted through large windows on the top portion of the walls fitted with stone jalis in varying patterns. The jambs and spandrils of the arch of the mihrab on the western wall were once profusely adorned with verses from the Quran and inscriptions, with glazed tiles of various colours arranged in geometrical patterns and with floral carvings in stone enclosed in enamel borders. Much of this decoration has vanished already. Traces of similar decoration in enamel or glazed tile works are also to be scen on the interior of the dome, the walls and the cupolas on the outside. In a small arched recess above the mihrab on the outside wall is an inscription in two lines recording the completion of the tomb by his son and successor Salim or Islam Shah, some three months after the death of Sher Shah who died in A.H. 952 (A.D.1545). It is second largest dome of India.

The tomb of Hasan Khan Sur, father of Sher Shah is also located in the town. This tomb is also known as Sukha Roza.

Geography

Sasaram is located at 24°57′N 84°02′E / 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03 and its area is 15 km^2. It has an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).

Climate

As Sasaram is surrounded by hills from two sides, its climate is seasonable. The climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).

Climate data for Sasaram, India
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8)
26.7
(80.1)
32.7
(90.9)
38.0
(100.4)
40.9
(105.6)
38.5
(101.3)
33.2
(91.8)
32.0
(89.6)
32.4
(90.3)
31.8
(89.2)
28.1
(82.6)
24.1
(75.4)
31.9
(89.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2)
18.9
(66.0)
24.2
(75.6)
29.6
(85.3)
33.2
(91.8)
32.8
(91.0)
29.2
(84.6)
28.4
(83.1)
28.2
(82.8)
25.9
(78.6)
20.7
(69.3)
16.5
(61.7)
25.3
(77.6)
Average low °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8)
11.1
(52.0)
15.8
(60.4)
21.2
(70.2)
25.5
(77.9)
27.0
(80.6)
25.3
(77.5)
24.8
(76.6)
23.9
(75.0)
20.0
(68.0)
13.3
(55.9)
8.9
(48.0)
18.8
(65.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.2
(0.76)
21.2
(0.83)
14.3
(0.56)
7.6
(0.30)
12.2
(0.48)
120.9
(4.76)
297.5
(11.71)
326.2
(12.84)
181.5
(7.15)
50.9
(2.00)
10.2
(0.40)
3.6
(0.14)
1,065.3
(41.93)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 5.9 14.3 14.3 8.9 2.8 0.5 0.8 54.7
Source: Weatherbase

Demographics

As of 2020 India census, Sasaram had a population of 351,408 but in urban agglomeration. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sasaram has an average literacy rate of 80.26%, higher than the national average of 74%; male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 75%. In Sasaram, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religions Sasaram City (2020 )
Hinduism
72.97%
Islam
25.58%
Sikhism
1.25%
Christianity
0.10%
Jainism
0.02%
Buddhism
0.01%
Not Stated
0.25%
Distribution of religions

Sasaram is the 10th most populous city in bihar.

Governance

The eKiosk (Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar)

SAHAJ Vasudha Kendra, the first "Common Service Centre", or "eKiosk", in Rohtas District was inaugurated in Jamuhar village on 15 August 2008. The centre is currently planning to start a block information Centre, e-district plan, and Sawan Sasaram.

Lok Sabha constituency

Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India.

Vidhan Sabha constituency

Sasaram (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of 243 legislative assembly of Bihar. It is comes under Sasaram lok sabha constituency.

Economy

The closure of the industries of the Dalmia Group at Dalmianagar resulted in widespread unemployment. Sasaram's economy is mainly driven by agriculture and related industries like rice polishing. The canal irrigation system is also very prominent in this area. Because of the fertile land around the town it is a local trading center for food grains, agricultural products, and agricultural equipment. The region is known as Dhan Ka Katora, meaning "a bowl of food grains". The rice grown near Sasaram is sold in the markets of Kolkata and New Delhi. The only significant industry is rock quarrying.

Transportation

Railway

Sasaram station

Sasaram has a big size railway junction. The station belongs to A class category with 8 platforms. The station has to be developed as the world-class which is located at the centre of the city on the Grand Trunk Road. Sasaram's other stations are Shivsagar, kumahu, Nokha, Karwandiya, Pahleja and Dehri on Sone.

Sasaram station is 101 Kilometers away from Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhaya station (less than 1.5 hours) and about 120 km (75 mi), or two hours journey from Varanasi, and 101 km (63 mi) from Gaya station. Gaya station is 20 km (12 mi) away Bodh Gaya, the most sacred place in Buddhism. Trains run from Sasaram to Kolkata, Ara, Ranchi, Patna, New Delhi, and Bikramganj, Bombay.

The trains which stop in Sasaram include Ajmer seldah, Kalka Mail, Purushottam Express, Mahabodhi Express, Ranchi Garib Rath, Kolkata Mail, Jodhpur Howrah Express, Chambal Express, Shipra Express, Chennai Egmore Express, Nandan Kanan Express, Neelanchal Express and Poorva Express, Jallianwalabagh Express, Durigana Express, Garbha Express, Dikshabhoomi Express and New Delhi- Bhagalpur Express, etc.

A direct weekly AC train had been started from Sasaram to Anand Vihar Terminal in July 2011 (22409/22410 - Sasaram - Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express). However, now this AC train runs between Gaya and Anand Vihar Terminal, still stopping at Sasaram Junction.

Airport

Sasaram has also a small and old airport called Suara Airport. A new airport is proposed to be established in near future.[when?]

Education

Sasaram is the sixth most literate city in Bihar, with Rohtas being the most literate district in Bihar.

There are four government colleges, although many students prefer to go to more developed cities for quality education, such as Bangalore, New Delhi, Pune, Patna, Varanasi and Puducherry, for higher education. A new engineering college has been set up in the region.

This Place is also known for preparation of competitive exams at Sasaram Railway junction. According to earlier natives of this city, there was not proper electrification of city around 2007 - 2008 which hampered the studies of students seeking for competitive exams. Indian Railways had 24 hours power supply at Sasaram junction. This led a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights.

Universities

Veer Kunwar Singh University,[circular reference]

Medical colleges

Government colleges

  • Shanti Prasad Jain College, Sasaram [a facilitation branch of Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah ],
  • Shri Shankar College, Sasaram
  • Sher Shah College, Sasaram
  • Rohtas Mahila College, Sasaram

Other colleges

  • Hari Narain Singh Institute of Teachers Education (HNSITE)
  • Sri Shankar Rajkiya Inter College
  • Government Polytechnic, Dehri, Sasaram
  • Jagannath Mishra Law College, Sasaram

Major schools

  • St.Michael's Academy School, Chandravanshi Nagar, Fazalganj, Sasaram
  • M. P. High School, Adda Road, Sasaram
  • Rama Rani Jain Girls High School, Choukhandi Road, Sasaram
  • Bal Vikas Vidyalaya, Tomb Road, Sasaram
  • Bal Bharti Public School, Sasaram
  • D.A.V. Public school, Admapur, Sasaram
  • St. Paul's School, Sasaram
  • St. Xavier's School, Jagdev Nagar, Nooran Ganj, Sasaram
  • G.S. Residential School, Malwar Road, Sasaram
  • St. Jeelani's Public School, Shahjuma, Sasaram
  • Pragya Niketan Public School, Falzalganj, Sasaram
  • Buddha Mission School, Nooranganj, Bauliya Road, Sasaram Rohtas Bihar

Villages

Besides the city of Sasaram itself, there are 171 villages in Sasaram block, of which 144 are inhabited and 27 are uninhabited. The total rural population of Sasaram block is 210,875, in 34,336 households.

Village name Total land area (hectares) Population (in 2011)
Dhanarhi 75.3 745
Fatehpur 55.1 186
Danwarua 47 0
Patanwan 116.6 454
Mosahebpur 81.4 879
Rasulpur 87.7 804
Bhikhanpura 132 0
Samarodiha 323.3 1,995
Chaukhanda Chitauli 140.4 1,408
Shivpur Chitauli 44.9 1,146
Turki 69.6 2,113
Lodhi 48.6 395
Barawan 60.6 820
Uttimpur Haraha 33 0
Belthua 60.8 487
Banrasia 55.4 2,585
Belarhi 160.3 2,886
Singuhi 108.1 1,653
Patanwan 38 0
Kataprath 27 0
Naugain 82.1 548
Khairi 105.3 437
Khaira 112.6 1,421
Niranjanpur 17 400
Bishunpura 54.7 0
Mahranian 20.6 652
Bhadokhara 186.2 2,988
Belahar 76.4 1,199
Sikaria 1,171.9 4,934
Kota 206.4 2,303
Rajokhar 118.3 0
Ashikpur 37 0
Hetimpur 12 653
Karpurwa 35.7 2,709
Bhatarhi 71.2 839
Beda 69.2 1,852
Kanserwa 72.2 0
Lakhrawan 8.8 0
Mohaddi Ganj 44.1 3,240
Dhanpurwa 20.4 1,340
Dilia 33.8 0
Mirzapur 3 0
Udhopur 43.7 136
Madaini 254.9 815
Sumbha 70.8 745
Ahrawan 128.7 705
Misripur 56.7 532
Madauria 50 161
Dhunan 67.2 708
Karam Dihri 146.9 1,371
Tetari 91.1 709
Haripur 24.7 53
Kuraich 35 1,598
Takia 8.7 5
Muradabad Kalan 144.8 4,291
Muradabad Khurd 154.2 2,310
Uchitpur 174 3,794
Nekara 140.8 2,056
Neae 131.1 1,644
Baradih 121.8 3,202
Nimia 102.4 792
Kothara 156.2 929
Bhagwanpur 93.9 626
Semra 80.1 617
Bajila 104.8 1,112
Gamharia 67.2 707
Mokar 372.7 3,409
Agrer 263.8 3,774
Rakasia 124.2 1,867
Jhalkhoria 50.2 779
Akasi 391.8 4,145
Kunrwa 106.4 1,064
Pipri 137.2 945
Katdehri 199.8 1,137
Gotpa 228.3 1,961
Maudiha 85.4 1,010
Kharaunia 101.6 756
Sumbha 178.4 830
Garara 206.8 2,461
Rudana 106.8 1,020
Rajekarma 49.4 0
Babhanpurwa 46.1 465
Gobina 89 1,039
Karup 117.3 1,636
Dilia 62.3 856
Lok Dehri 62.8 686
Inaihia 57.9 546
Bhainsahi 172.8 1,041
Bishunpura 76.1 696
Bhajea 103 0
Jaipur 139.2 1,359
Nirmalpur 38 302
Nirmalpur 72.8 0
Rampur 287 2,895
Semra 148 186
Bahrar 143 1,355
Khanra 81.4 588
Patia 118 1,476
Dumaria 86 1,301
Kaupa Dih 89 624
Bajinathpur 39 0
Gansa Dih 170 2,695
Chhotka Mor 76.4 1,191
Barka Mor 201 1,439
Pasia Dih 35 433
Bara Dih 121 418
Basuhara 89 683
Nahauna 288 3,208
Bhorman 64 429
Koiria Dih 36 0
Paisara 107 890
Tiwari Dih 36 314
Bhurekunria 18 341
Belwa 101 675
Khurhunu 178 1,684
Jigina 178 754
Tendua 101 1,150
Bararhi 134 1,507
Shahpur 90 1,099
Bishunpur 62 858
Chaubea 57 584
Bisrampur 138 1,907
Karwania 131 3,446
Basa 101.1 2,683
Jagdaun Dih 48.6 400
Durgapur 87.9 1,057
Amra, Sasaram 205.6 4,944
Amri, Sasaram 197.4 5,527
Dawanpur 238.4 2,544
Karma 136 538
Nima 68.4 580
Ghatmapur 75.6 821
Basantpur 164.8 1,084
Admapur 213.7 1,746
Gaeghat 209 1,481
Fazilpur 123 334
Gajdwahi 327.8 2,678
Kanchanpur 480 2,865
Kurdaun 322 711
Dhankarha 113.3 2,696
Lerua 100.8 2,984
Mednipur 146.9 2,084
Dhaudanr 1,125.4 5,816
Mahua Dihra 2,713 0
Jawarh 662.1 0
Palangarh 580.3 0
Kauria 85 0
Tendua 202.7 702
Murhi 120.1 2,071
Karserua 269.1 2,309
Gharbair 269.9 1,344
Barui 265 1,238
Songawan 288.6 2,188
Mundi Sarae 121 0
Molawan 273.1 2,638
Sakas 156.6 1,014
Dhanpurwa 45.4 298
Kusri 127.1 1,417
Dubaulia 25.9 0
Khairi 35.2 72
Babura 45 707
Khaira 115 831
Bichhia 25 0
Darigawan 362 5,964
Agni 133 626
Jamahath 135 680
Karaunia 316 0
Tikra 195 0
Ramgaraha 1,168 0
Goria 4,072 316
shiwan 312 3023

Notable people

See also


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