Stephen I. (March 14, 1271 – December 10, 1310) was the duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 until 1310 as co-regnant of his older brothers Otto III († 1312) and Louis III († 1296).
Biography
Stephen was born in Landshut, the son of Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria and Elizabeth of Hungary. His maternal grandparents were Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
His mother introduced the name Stephen onto the Wittelsbach dynasty with her youngest son. She was a sister of Stephen V of Hungary, and may have named her son after him.
To reduce the influence of the Wittelsbach, Pope Nicholas IV refused his spiritual career in Salzburg and Stephen became a co-regnant of his brothers. During the absence of Otto III in Hungary 1305-1308, Stephen was the only governing duke of Lower Bavaria. Stephen was an enemy of the Habsburgs and died in 1310 during a war against Frederick I of Austria.
Marriage and children
In 1299, Stephen married Jutta of Schweidnitz. She was a daughter of Bolko I, Duke of Jawor and Świdnica and Beatrix of Brandenburg. Her maternal grandparents were Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel and Jutta of Hennenberg. They had eight children:
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- Garibald I (555–591)
- Tassilo I (591–610)
- Garibald II (610–625)
- Theodo (c.680–716)
- Theodbert (c.716–c.719)
- Theobald (c.716–c.719)
- Tassilo II (c.716–c.719)
- Grimoald (715–725)
- Hugbert (725–736)
- Odilo (736–748)
- Grifo (748)
- Tassilo III (748–788)
- Louis II the German (King: 817–843)
- Carloman (King: 876–880)
- Louis III the Younger (King: 880–882)
- Charles the Fat (King: 882–887)
- Engeldeo (Margrave: 890–895)
- Luitpold (Margrave: 895–907)
- Arnulf (907–937)
- Eberhard (937–938)
- Berthold (938–947)
- Henry I (947–955)
- Henry II the Quarrelsome (955–976, 985–995)
- Otto I (976–982)
- Henry III the Younger (983–985)
- Henry IV (995–1004, 1009–1017)
- Henry V (1004–1009, 1017–1026)
- Henry VI (1026–1042)
- Henry VII (1042–1047)
- Conrad I (1049–1053)
- Henry VIII (1053–1054, 1055–1061)
- Conrad II (1054–1055)
- Otto of Nordheim (1061–1070)
- Welf I (1070–1077, 1096–1101)
- Henry VIII (1077–1096)
- Welf II (1101–1120)
- Henry IX the Black (1120–1126)
- Henry X (1126–1138)
- Leopold I (1139–1141)
- Henry XI Jasomirgott (1143–1156)
- Henry XII the Lion (1156–1180)
- Otto the Redhead (1180–1183)
- Agnes of Loon (Regent: 1183–1191)
- Louis I (1183–1231)
- Otto the Illustrious (1231–1253)
- Louis II the Strict (1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
- Henry XIII (Lower: 1253–1290)
- Louis III (Lower: 1290–1296)
- Stephen I (Lower: 1290–1310)
- Otto III (Lower: 1290–1312)
- Matilda (Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
- Rudolph I (Upper: 1294–1317)
- Henry XV the Natternberger (Lower: 1312–1333)
- Otto VI (Lower: 1310–1334)
- Henry XIV (Lower: 1310–1339)
- John I the Child (Lower: 1339–1340)
- Louis IV (Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
- Otto V, (1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
- Louis V the Brandenburger, (1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
- Meinhard I (Upper: 1361–1363)
- Louis VI, (1347–1365)
- Stephen II, (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
- William I, (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
- Albert I, (1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
- Albert II (Straubing: 1389–1397)
- William II (Straubing: 1404–1417)
- Jacqueline (Straubing: 1417-1429)
- John III the Pitiless (Straubing: 1417-1425)
- William III (Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
- Ernest (Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
- Frederick I the Wise (1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
- John II (1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
- Stephen III the Magnificent (1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
- Louis VII the Bearded (Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
- Louis VIII the Hunchback (Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
- Henry XVI the Rich (Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
- Albert III (Munich: 1438–1460)
- John IV (Munich: 1460–1463)
- Sigismund (Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
- Louis IX the Rich (Landshut: 1450–1479)
- George I the Rich (Landshut: 1479–1503)
- Albert IV the Wise (Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
- William IV the Steadfast (Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
- Louis X, Duke (1516–1545)
- Albert V the Magnanimous (1550–1579)
- William V the Pious (1579–1597)
- Maximilian I (1597–1623)
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