Vice President of Brazil

Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil
Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil
Vice presidential standard
Incumbent
Geraldo Alckmin
since January 1, 2023
Federal government of Brazil
StyleMr. Vice President
(informal)
The Most Excellent and His Excellency
(formal)
StatusSecond highest executive branch officer
Member ofCabinet
National Defense Council
ResidencePalácio do Jaburu
SeatBrasilia
AppointerDirect popular vote (two rounds if necessary)
Term lengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Brazil
Inaugural holderFloriano Peixoto
FormationFebruary 26, 1891
(133 years ago)
 (1891-02-26)
SuccessionFirst
SalaryR$ 39,293.32 per month
Websitewww.gov.br/planalto

The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.

The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.

Requirements

The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.

Election and tenure

The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on January 1 of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.

Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.

Workplace and official residence

The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.

Ascension to the presidency

Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).

List of vice presidents

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term Party Election President
1 Floriano Peixoto
(1839–1895)
February 26, 1891

November 23, 1891
Unaffiliated 1891 Deodoro da Fonseca
Office vacant (November 23, 1891 – November 15, 1894) Floriano Peixoto
2 Manuel Vitorino
(1853–1902)
November 15, 1894

November 15, 1898
PRF
(Federal)
1894 Prudente de Morais
3 Rosa e Silva
(1857–1929)
November 15, 1898

November 15, 1902
Unaffiliated 1898 Campos Sales
Office vacant (November 15, 1902 – June 17, 1903) Rodrigues Alves
4 Afonso Pena
(1847–1909)
June 17, 1903

November 15, 1906
PRM 1903
5 Nilo Peçanha
(1867–1924)
November 15, 1906

June 14, 1909
PRF
(Fluminense)
1906 Afonso Pena
Office vacant (June 14, 1909 – November 15, 1910) Nilo Peçanha
6 Venceslau Brás
(1868–1966)
November 15, 1910

November 15, 1914
PRM 1910 Hermes da Fonseca
7 Urbano Santos
(1859–1922)
November 15, 1914

November 15, 1918
PRM 1914 Venceslau Brás
8 Delfim Moreira
(1868–1920)
November 15, 1918

January 16, 1919
PRM 1918 Rodrigues Alves
Office vacant (January 16 – July 28, 1919) Delfim Moreira
8 Delfim Moreira
(1868–1920)
July 28, 1919

July 1, 1920
PRM 1918 Epitácio Pessoa
Office vacant (July 1 – November 10, 1920)
9 Bueno de Paiva
(1861–1928)
November 10, 1920

November 15, 1922
PRM 1920
10 Estácio Coimbra
(1872–1937)
November 15, 1922

November 15, 1926
Unaffiliated Artur Bernardes
11 Melo Viana
(1878–1954)
November 15, 1926

October 24, 1930
PRM 1926 Washington Luís
Office vacant (October 24, 1930 – July 16, 1934)
Office abolished (July 16, 1934 – September 19, 1946)
Military junta of 1930
Getúlio Vargas
José Linhares
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
12 Nereu Ramos
(1888–1958)
September 19, 1946

January 31, 1951
PSD 1946
13 Café Filho
(1899–1970)
January 31, 1951

August 24, 1954
PSP 1950 Getúlio Vargas
Office vacant (August 24, 1954 – January 31, 1956) Café Filho
Carlos Luz
Nereu Ramos
14 João Goulart
(1919–1976)
January 31, 1956

August 25, 1961
PTB 1955
1960
Juscelino Kubitschek
Jânio Quadros
Office vacant (August 25, 1961 – April 15, 1964) Ranieri Mazzilli
João Goulart
Ranieri Mazzilli
15 José Maria Alkmin
(1901–1974)
April 15, 1964

March 15, 1967
PSD 1964 Castelo Branco
ARENA
16 Pedro Aleixo
(1901–1975)
March 15, 1967

August 31, 1969
ARENA 1966 Costa e Silva
Office vacant (August 31 – October 30, 1969) Military junta of 1969
17 Augusto Rademaker
(1905–1985)
October 30, 1969

March 15, 1974
ARENA 1969 Emílio Médici
18 Adalberto Pereira dos Santos
(1905–1984)
March 15, 1974

March 15, 1979
ARENA 1974 Ernesto Geisel
19 Aureliano Chaves
(1929–2003)
March 15, 1979

March 15, 1985
ARENA 1978 João Figueiredo
PDS
PFL
20 José Sarney
(b. 1930)
March 15, 1985

April 21, 1985
PMDB 1985 Tancredo Neves
(president-elect)
Office vacant (April 21, 1985 – March 15, 1990) José Sarney
21 Itamar Franco
(1929–2011)
March 15, 1990

December 29, 1992
PRN 1990 Fernando Collor
PMDB
Office vacant (December 29, 1992 – December 31, 1994) Itamar Franco
22 Marco Maciel
(1940–2021)
January 1, 1995

December 31, 2002
PFL 1994
1998
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
23 José Alencar
(1931–2011)
January 1, 2003

December 31, 2010
PL 2002
2006
Lula da Silva
PRB
24 Michel Temer
(b. 1940)
January 1, 2011

August 31, 2016
PMDB 2010
2014
Dilma Rousseff
Office vacant (August 31, 2016 – December 31, 2018) Michel Temer
25 Hamilton Mourão
(b. 1953)
January 1, 2019

December 31, 2022
PRTB 2018 Jair Bolsonaro
Republicans
26 Geraldo Alckmin
(b. 1952)
January 1, 2023

Incumbent
PSB 2022 Lula da Silva

See also


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